Metformin: a potentially effective drug for gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Metformin has been gradually used in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In order to prove the safety and efficacy of metformin used in pregnancy, we searched several databases for the reports of randomized trials comparing insulin and metformin used in GDM and conducted a meta-analysis. Data showed the rates of neonatal large for gestational age, cesarean section, neonatal respiratory distress and preterm birth were similar in both groups. Maternal glycated hemoglobin-% at gestational week 36-37 was significantly lower in metformin group, indicating good glycemic control of metformin. Maternal weight gain since enrollment to gestational week 36-37 was also lower in metformin group, making metformin worth using even when metformin is insufficient and supplementary insulin is needed. Data also showed that metformin significantly reduced the gestational hypertension complications in GDM patients, probably by reducing the endothelial activation and maternal inflammatory response of insulin resistance. Although metformin can cross the placenta, it is less likely to cause severe neonatal hypoglycemia compared with insulin since it neither stimulates pancreatic insulin release nor increases circulating insulin levels. According to most maternal and neonatal outcomes, metformin is an effective and safe alternative to insulin for GDM patients.
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The finding that metformin decreased the frequency of preeclampsia was consistent with the findings reported in a meta-analysis by Gui et al. and Feng and Yang.
“The finding that metformin decreased the frequency of preeclampsia was consistent with the findings reported in a meta-analysis by Gui et al.(75) and Feng and Yang(76).”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [76]
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Metformin versus Insulin in Gestational Diabetes
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A Metformina como opção terapêutica no diabetes mellitus gestacional: uma revisão de literatura
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- Authors
- Feng, Y., & Yang, H.
- Affiliations
- Peking University First Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Huixia
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-09-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1874-1881
- ISSN
- 1476-4954 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-7058
- OpenAlex
- W2510074254
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- metformin, gestational diabetes mellitus, insulin therapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, gestational weight gain, large for gestational age, cesarean section, neonatal respiratory distress, preterm birth, gestational hypertension, insulin resistance, neonatal hypoglycemia, drug safety in pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Birth Weight, Female, Gestational Age, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Metformin, Pregnancy, Weight Gain, Diabetes, Gestational
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