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Measuring Narrative Engagement
Open accessAbstract
Research indicates that the extent to which one becomes engaged, transported, or immersed in a narrative influences the narrative's potential to affect subsequent story-related attitudes and beliefs. Explaining narrative effects and understanding the mechanisms responsible depends on our ability to measure narrative engagement in a theoretically meaningful way. This article develops a scale for measuring narrative engagement that is based on a mental models approach to narrative processing. It distinguishes among four dimensions of experiential engagement in narratives: narrative understanding, attentional focus, emotional engagement, and narrative presence. The scale is developed and validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with data from viewers of feature film and television, in different viewing situations, and from two different countries. The scale's ability to predict enjoyment and story-consistent attitudes across different programs is presented. Implications for conceptualizing engagement with narratives as well as narrative persuasion and media effects are discussed.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bal, P. M., & Veltkamp, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055341 · Cited by 588
“85) was measured directly after reading the text, using the scale from Busselle and Bilandzic [11].”
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“For instance, Busselle and Bilandzic (2009; Bilandzic & Busselle, 2011) distinguish among four dimensions of experiential engagement in narratives—narrative understanding, attentional focus, emotional engagement, and narrative presence—for measuring narrative engagement. However, perhaps the best-known theory of narra…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIdentification as a Mechanism of Narrative Persuasion
de Graaf, A., Hoeken, H., Sanders, J., & Beentjes, J. W. J. (2011) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650211408594 · Cited by 573
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Measuring aesthetic emotions: A review of the literature and a new assessment tool
Schindler, I., Hosoya, G., Menninghaus, W., Beermann, U., Wagner, V., Eid, M., & Scherer, K. R. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178899 · Cited by 449
Metadata
- Authors
- Busselle, R., & Bilandzic, H.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- ORCID
- Busselle, Rick
- Venue
- Media Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-11-23
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 321-347
- ISSN
- 1521-3269 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-785X
- OpenAlex
- W2062865797
- Cited by
- 1,088
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 94 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 311.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.org
- Locations
- Media Psychology (publishedVersion)
- OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Narrative Theory and Analysis
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Keywords
- narrative engagement, narrative persuasion, scale development, mental models, narrative comprehension, attentional focus, emotional engagement, narrative presence, media influence, narrative enjoyment, cross-cultural validation
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