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Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA)
Open accessAbstract
Young people’s identities develop in the context of their everyday lives, but traditional approaches to identity development have limited access to the concrete, situated and action-oriented mechanisms underlying long-term development. This paper addresses this gap by outlining a developmental discursive approach to the study of identity development within contexts (i.e. micro-analysis). Grounded in a social constructionist epistemology and discursive psychology, the approach treats identity as an unfolding, situated process shaped by talk and interaction; it is explicitly developmental (i.e. it examines how identities unfold over time) and psychological (i.e. it centers individuals and their situated meaning-making practices). Developmental discursive micro-analysis (DDMA) can show how the processes underlying long-term identity development (e.g. identity exploration, meaning-making, or narrative engagement) are enacted as people engage with each other and the world. The manuscript provides an accessible introduction to discursive psychology for identity researchers, and includes concrete guidance on the full analytic cycle – from the design of research projects to the analysis of identities in interactions. The analytic strategies are outlined using data from a video-recorded coming out conversation between a young gay man and his mother, highlighting how analysis can capture identity processes at individual, relational and cultural levels.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper introduces developmental discursive micro-analysis (DDMA), a social constructionist and discursive psychological approach for studying identity development as it unfolds in everyday talk, illustrated with a video-recorded coming out conversation between a young gay man, Ryan, and his mother. It argues DDMA can show how macro-level identity processes such as exploration are enacted in micro-level interaction, while cautioning that it cannot demonstrate reflective intra-individual outcomes.
Key findings
- DDMA treats identity as situated, action-oriented, and co-constructed in talk; it draws on Bamberg’s positioning framework across three levels: identity content, relational/interactional context, and cultural repertoires. The paper outlines four discursive assumptions: talk performs actions; identities are constructed through and in the service of action; identity constructions draw on shared cultural meanings; and identity implications are interactionally managed.
- The worked example comes from a larger collection of video-recordings (N = 9) of young gay men and one of their parents, uploaded to YouTube by the young men themselves between 2012 and 2019. In the analyzed conversation, Ryan repeatedly probes his mother for reassurance and evaluation, while the mother constructs conditional love (“I’ll always love you Ryan, as long as you don’t hurt anybody”) and later mobilizes the category “parent”/“good parent” to manage threats to her identity.
- The paper proposes an analytic cycle: familiarization through “unmotivated looking,” identifying identity constructions, analyzing their function in sequential context, and tracing how interactional moves accumulate across the interaction(s). It reports that discursive psychological approaches commonly use fewer than ten transcripts, with many convincing studies relying on single cases, and suggests that for repeated interactions, three dyads across three interactions each will likely allow sufficient variability.
- Developmentally, the analysis illustrates how identity exploration can emerge from conflict management, for example through the mother’s boundary work around “What kind of mother am I?”; however, the paper states that internalization remains a theoretical conjecture rather than an analytic finding.
Methods
- Design: a practical, methodological guide to DDMA, grounded in social constructionism and discursive psychology, using Bamberg’s positioning framework and analytic resources from conversation analysis, membership categorization analysis, discursive psychology, and positioning analysis.
- Data: the worked example uses one video-recorded coming out conversation between Ryan and his mother, drawn from a larger archival collection of N = 9 YouTube videos uploaded by young gay men between 2012 and 2019; because of their archival nature, the data are exempt from ethics review.
- Analysis: case-by-case micro-analysis of transcripts, moving through familiarization, identification of identity-implicative claims (person-pronouns coupled with attributes), sequential/function analysis, and tracing accumulation across the interaction; trustworthiness practices include participant orientation, next-turn proof procedure, deviant-case analysis, researcher diary, and reflexivity.
Limitations
- Stated in the paper: DDMA can identify situated processes but cannot demonstrate reflective outcomes such as identity statuses or personal identity narratives; it cannot know what happens to a momentary construction beyond the recorded moment, and claims about internalization remain theoretical conjectures.
- Stated in the paper: generalizability is not a central concern, and the approach is best understood as “generalizing to possibility”; DDMA also risks invoking unobservable psychological states for observable discursive moves, which the author addresses by taking an intentional stance.
- Evident from the text: the worked example is a single interaction from a small archival YouTube collection (N = 9), with little known about the dyad beyond the recorded moment, and no longitudinal or reflective assessments are included, so links to long-term development are illustrative rather than tested.
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Claims the paper makes
38 Own interpretation · 12 Own result · 10 No full text of the sources · 9 No basis given · 4 Sources not found · 4 Check pending · 3 Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the son uses relatively few I-constructions, which are largely limited to expressions of love, reports of distress, and of course disclosure itself”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Step 2. Identifying interactional identity constructions
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A second repertoire, however, is drawn on by both speakers: the issue of homosexuality is being framed through a discourse centered on agency and personal freedom.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 3 -culture
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“his talk is dominated by addressee-directed”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Step 2. Identifying interactional identity constructions
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, as interactional trouble becomes more explicit, more explicit identity-relevant constructions are produced in the management of this trouble.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 1 -identity content
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Throughout the interaction explicit references to identity categories are relatively rare.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 1 -identity content
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The son does not draw on this interpretative repertoire.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 3 -culture
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the mother mostly relies on I-constructions to assert her love, her prior knowledge, and to disclose her own emotional state”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Step 2. Identifying interactional identity constructions
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the mother re-constructs her claim of”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Boundary conditions.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, as the conversational trouble escalates, we can see this shift linguistically.The mother moves out of the careoriented role and linguistically takes on the role of defender.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 2 -interactional context
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it is important to note that development (and particularly the development of an internal sense of self) is not a central theoretical or analytical concern of most discursive psychological approaches.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A developmental discursive approach to micro-analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 28
- Probably not a substantial claim. 38
- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mother's hypothetical hit-and-run story frames his sexuality as an issue of personal choice, as long as he does not harm anyone, he is free to make his own choices.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 3 -culture
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the son frames the disclosure as a severe issue, he simultaneously constructs the disclosed information as non-identity-implicative: he has not changed.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 1 -identity content
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The son works up to the disclosure, his display characterizes the situation as serious and the incoming disclosure as relationally threatening.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The son seems distressed (crying, describing himself as shaking) -He continuously asks mother to confirm that his homosexuality is not an issue”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Unmotivated looking
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the son's repeated probing inadvertently challenges her authenticity, which she orients to through explicit self-characterizations.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 2 -interactional context
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The segment centers around relational confirmation and soothing from the mother.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the probes are progressively reformulated in a way that asks for more explicit information about her state of mind”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Segment I [31:62] -the basics: preference, reformulations, proof procedures
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I note that the mother speaks relatively more, asks fewer questions and provides longer responses.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Unmotivated looking
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initially, both speakers take on recognizable conversational roles: the son displays distress, which invites the mother to soothe and reassure.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 2 -interactional context
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That this statement seems to be reassuring is indicated by the son's subsequent relational claim (”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Unmotivated looking
hedgedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While it is framed around identity, in principle this way of working is applicable to other psychological phenomena (e.g., attitudes, emotions, etc.).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“However, such a focus on how individuals explore and negotiate identities as they engage with other people, artifacts, activities and spaces is necessary (Raeff, 2014), because”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Identity (development) in everyday interactions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Raeff, 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Steinberg, 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Arguably these probes too are formulated to prefer responses that minimize interpersonal trouble”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Preference organization.
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Developmental discursive micro-analytic methods can help elucidate this link, by employing them alongside longitudinal methods that also incorporate reflective assessments of identity.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Arguably, to examine this situated development of identity, it is necessary to adopt a social constructionist perspective that treats identities as actively produced and negotiated.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A discursive perspective on identity-in-context
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Knowledge and meaning (and ultimately reality itself) are constructed through language in social interactions.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This paper presented developmental discursive micro-analysis (DDMA) as an approach for studying identity processes and the emergence of identity content in young people's everyday contexts.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This discursive micro-analytic perspective has much to offer to researchers interested in (individual) development: it shows how developmental processes are not merely reflected in interaction, but actively produced, negotiated, and reshaped in the unfolding details of everyday talk, where identity exploration, commitment, and meaning-making become observable as situated social actions.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, because of its personcentered nature, DDMA risks invoking explanations of unobservable psychological states for observable discursive moves (i.e., intention, wants, fears).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Interpretation & generalizability
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Developmental discursive micro-analysis draws on Bamberg' positioning framework (Bamberg, 1997), which highlights that identity-in-talk can be studied at three different analytic levels: Analysis can consider how identity-implicative talk characterizes speakers in terms of content (i.e., attributes, activities and traits; Level 1), how it constructs relational identities and manages the concrete”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Research design: analytic aims & research questions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bamberg, 1997 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Many qualitative researchers also engage in researcher reflexivity, that is, the critical examination of how their own theoretical assumptions, social positions and experiences may have shaped the research process and analysis (see Folkes, 2023).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Trustworthiness & quality of analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Folkes, 2023 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This issue is not unique to discursive micro-analyses of identity, but indeed represents a fundamental issue in developmental (identity) research; we know little about how (and if) situated and reflective identity concepts are related (De Ruiter & Gmelin, 2021;Klimstra & Schwab, 2021;Van Der Gaag et al., 2025).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Discussion
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the mother's formulation of her love as conditional can be understood as a way of resisting this affiliative demand and a move to gain discursive agency”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Preference organization.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This clarification points toward productive combinations of DDMA with longitudinal and reflective methods.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research designs employing DDMA can center around individuals within a single interaction, follow single individuals across different conversational contexts, but also study repeated interactions between the same partner(s).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Research design: analytic aims & research questions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A careful interpretation may be that while the mother initially resists providing an evaluative stance by enacting a caring role, the son persistently works toward clarifying her position on homosexuality, which may have been ambiguous before this conversation.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 2 -interactional context
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ryan's repeated seeking of reassurance positions his mother, and how managing this implication leads her to construct increasingly differentiated identity claims (i.e., identity exploration).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Preference organization.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To study processes and mechanisms of identity development within contexts requires analytic approaches that can zoom into the”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A discursive perspective on identity-in-context
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Indeed, identity development is framed as an interplay between emerging self-understandings and contexts (Bosma & Kunnen, 2001).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Identity (development) in everyday interactions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bosma & Kunnen, 2001 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, a developmental discursive approach to identity-in-context is personcentered both in its analytic focus and theoretical orientation; it treats practices as resources that individuals draw on, adapt, and recombine within and across everyday interactions and examines how repertoires of identity constructions emerge and stabilize in this process.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A developmental discursive approach to micro-analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the study of processes of identity development requires not only a focus on the unfolding of actions within and across conversation but also a theoretical focus on the development of individuals (De Ruiter & Thomaes, 2023).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A developmental discursive approach to micro-analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites De Ruiter & Thomaes, 2023 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The approach sensitizes researchers both to how individuals' identity constructions are shaped by their social relationships, and to how identity-related work can emerge as a resource in the management of relationships; and it highlights how cultural understandings and categories can become mobilized in everyday interactions.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this identity work (constructing herself as someone who loves her son, but not unconditionally) seems to be designed to provide reassurance”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Boundary conditions.
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Developmental discursive micro-analysis thus contributes not definitive answers, but analytically grounded insights into possibilities for where, how, and under what conditions identity work becomes consequential in everyday life.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The second issue is connected to conceptualizations of development itself: from a micro-analytic perspective, development is the emergence of stable patterns in a specific phenomenon over time, not the development of internal representations.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By tracing how identity-implicative claims emerge, shift, and stabilize within conversations, the approach makes visible the interactional mechanisms through which social contexts matter for development.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, their talk does not suggest that gay people should not be judged because homosexuality is inherently non-problematic, but because judgment and rejection are only warranted when there is choice (or harm).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Level 3 -culture
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Several general strategies exist for assuring trustworthiness in qualitative research: these include the keeping of a researcher diary in which analysts' experiences, thoughts and decisions are logged, discussing interpretations with peers, and the use of quotes and textual evidence to substantiate analytic claims (Noble & Smith, 2015).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Trustworthiness & quality of analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Noble & Smith, 2015 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a consequence, practice-centered discursive approaches can highlight how socio-cultural contexts both constrain and afford identity development, but are less able to speak to how individuals navigate them.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A developmental discursive approach to micro-analysis
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While it is difficult to provide general suggestions for sample sizes, discursive psychological approaches commonly use fewer than ten transcripts, with many convincing studies relying on single cases (Jørgensen & Phillips, 2002).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Sample size.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jørgensen & Phillips, 2002 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From a developmental discursive micro-analytic perspective, development is observable as the reuse of and emergence of patterns in identity constructions over time, whereas reflective, intraindividual identities remain outside the empirical reach of interactional analysis.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While identity exploration is typically conceptualized (at the macro-level) as the active seeking of identity-relevant experiences, the micro-analysis shows that it can emerge from conflict management (in a sense, as a byproduct).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Developmental relevance
plainconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“This”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gmelin et al., 2026
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Schachter, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In part this may be a problem of languages (such as English) that center around individual agency, and psychological states (see Bamberg & Dege, 2021).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Interpretation & generalizability
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bamberg & Dege, 2021 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“What strikes me as odd is the conditionality of the love that is expressed here, the specificity of the example chosen and how it links homosexuality to homicide”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Unmotivated looking
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To illustrate, reflective approaches assume that individuals construct identities by engaging with cultural frameworks for being and feeling (i.e., master narratives; McLean & Syed, 2015).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Developmental relevance
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McLean & Syed, 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studying these situated processes requires a fine-grained analysis of language and action in everyday interactions; discursive psychology is particularly well suited for this task.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Abstract
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Contrasting reflective approaches to identity, discursive approaches consider identities as”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A discursive perspective on identity-in-context
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Antaki & Widdicombe, 2008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This approach is useful for researchers interested in learning more about identity as a contextually situated accomplishment.”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“From a discursive perspective, identity development can be understood as the emergence of agency in navigating the different implications and interpretative repertoires of different interactive situations through in-the-moment identity constructions (Gmelin et al., 2026).”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > A developmental discursive approach to micro-analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gmelin et al., 2026
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The aim of reflexivity is not to remove”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Trustworthiness & quality of analysis
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Different discursive micro-analytic traditions have different conventions for transcription systems, with the conversation analytic transcription system developed by Jefferson (2004) being the most detailed, noting overlaps in speech (i.e., interruptions), pauses (or their lack), emphasis and stretched sounds (e.g.,”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Data preparation.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jefferson, 2004 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Knowledge and meaning (and ultimately reality itself) are constructed through language in social interactions.
“As an epistemological perspective, social constructionism assumes that knowledge and meaning (and ultimately reality itself) are constructed through language in social interactions (Edley, 2001).”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Talk performs actions.
“(1) Talk performs actions.When people speak about the world or themselves they are not only describing or expressing things, but performing actions: talk can function to reassure, attribute responsibility or avoid it, justify or challenge decisions, and so on.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Identities are constructed through and in the service of action.
“(2) Identities are constructed through and in the service of action.Individuals rarely enter interactions with the explicit aim of constructing (or exploring) their identities, instead everyday conversations are organized around all kinds of more immediate”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Identity constructions draw on shared cultural meanings.
“(3) Identity constructions draw on shared cultural meanings.While assembled in the moment, individuals do not construct identities”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Identity implications are interactionally managed.
“(4) Identity implications are interactionally managed.These implications are socially consequential because once established, speakers can be held accountable for actions or attributes that may be treated as inconsistent with the positioned identity (e.g.,”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Speakers can select from a range of alternative formulations, grammatical structures, and lexical options when producing an utterance, and these choices matter for how actions and identities are understood.
“The approach that I am outlining here is perhaps best understood as a way of working with and looking at data: its central assumption is that speakers can select from a range of alternative formulations, grammatical structures, and lexical options when producing an utterance, and that these choices matter for how actions and identities are understood (Deppermann, 2011;Jørgensen & Phillips, 2002).”
The authors state this as an assumption.
All knowledge claims (including discursive psychology's own analytic outcomes) are socially constructed.
“Due to its social constructionist epistemology, discursive psychology assumes that all knowledge claims (including its own analytic outcomes) are socially constructed (Jørgensen & Phillips, 2002).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Young people's everyday social contexts are the arenas in which they explore, negotiate, and ultimately develop identities.
“Young people's everyday social contexts are the arenas in which they explore, negotiate, and ultimately develop identities.This process unfolds as young people position themselves in relation to culturally available ways of being and each other.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The male figure referred to in the son's question is his (step)father.
“which I assume to be his (step)father”
The paper relies on this without support.
The parent is not aware of the camera.
“the parent does not seem to be aware of the camera”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Category-bound activities.
“the mother's characterization of "what both of us care about is you being upset" [104:105]”
§ Studying Identity Development in Everyday Conversations: A Practical Guide to Developmental Discursive Micro-Analysis (DDMA) > Conclusion
“| 104 | Mother: I know (.2) just the same sweetie but again all I care about is (. . .) you being | | 105 | upset don't you be upset. (. . .) Oh my god it must be awful if (..) your parents |”
Citations
Cites
A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974) · Language · doi:10.2307/412243 · Cited by 11,350
Sequence Organization in Interaction
Schegloff, E. A. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511791208 · Cited by 4,955
Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method
Jørgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2002) · doi:10.4135/9781849208871 · Cited by 4,118
Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction
Jefferson, G. (2004) · Pragmatics & Beyond New Series · doi:10.1075/pbns.125.02jef · Cited by 2,885
ten Have, P. (2007) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781849208895 · Cited by 2,594
Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research
Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2015) · Evidence Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/eb-2015-102054 · Cited by 1,758
McLean, K. C., & Syed, M. (2015) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000445817 · Cited by 743
Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Beyond the Debate
Gelo, O. C. G., Braakmann, D., & Benetka, G. (2008) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-008-9078-3 · Cited by 720
Positioning Between Structure and Performance
Bamberg, M. (1997) · Journal of Narrative and Life History · doi:10.1075/jnlh.7.1-4.42pos · Cited by 701
Moving forward with membership categorization analysis: Methods for systematic analysis
Stokoe, E. H. (2012) · Discourse Studies · doi:10.1177/1461445612441534 · Cited by 670
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Dennett, D. C. (1989). The intentional stance. MIT Press.
- Edwards, D., & Potter, J. (1992). Discursive psychology. Sage Publications, Inc.
- Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton.
- Korobov, N. (2015). Identities as an interactional process. In K.C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 210–227). Oxford University Press.
- Peräkylä, A. (2011). Validity in research on naturally occurring social interaction. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research (pp. 365-382, 3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
- Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage Publications Ltd.
- Schachter, E. P. (2015). Integrating “internal,” “interactional,” and “external” perspectives: Identity process as the formulation of accountable claims regarding selves. In M. Syed & K. C. McLean (Eds.), Handbook of identity development (pp. 228–245). Oxford University Press.
- Steinberg, L. (1995). Commentary: On developmental pathways and social contexts in adolescence. In L. J. Crockett & A. C. Crouter (Eds.), Pathways through adolescence: Individual development in relation to social contexts (pp. xi, 273). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Wetherell, M., & Potter, J. (1993). Mapping the language of racism: Discourse and the legitimation of exploitation. Columbia University Press.
- Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Cited by
Still being checked.
Metadata
- Authors
- Gmelin, J.-O. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gmelin, Jan-Ole Harald
- Venue
- Identity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2026-09-28
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 305-324
- ISSN
- 1528-3488 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-706X
- OpenAlex
- W7214616884
- Semantic Scholar
- a806b8935beb33d8ff3547488b53607cabf08944
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Identity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Keywords
- identity construction, discursive psychology, social constructionism, everyday conversation, youth, coming out, identity exploration, meaning-making, narrative engagement, gay men, analytical strategies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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