The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-Esteem, Internalizing Symptoms, and Theory of Mind in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Abstract
Self-esteem is a potent indicator of mental health in typically developing (TYP) individuals. It is surprising that there have been few comprehensive investigations of self-esteem in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), given that they are at high risk for comorbid mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. The objectives of the current study were to assess how youth with ASD rate their self-esteem compared to age-matched TYP youth and to examine how self-esteem relates to internalizing psychopathology and theory of mind in the two groups. Seventy-three children and adolescents, ages 9 to 17, were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing self-esteem and internalizing symptoms, as well as tasks designed to measure theory of mind. Results indicated that youth with ASD rated their self-esteem significantly lower than did TYP youth. Self-esteem was strongly related to depression in both groups but was negatively related to theory of mind only for youth with ASD. These results may provide important insights into how individuals with ASD form evaluations of their own self-worth and illustrate how increasing self-awareness in individuals with ASD is not without risks.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Negative self-esteem is a transdiagnostic risk factor for depression and adverse mental health outcomes in autistic and non-autistic people.
“Negative self-esteem, a broad construct that includes pessimistic beliefs and attitudes of self and self-concept (Cast & Burke, 2002), is another transdiagnostic risk factor for depression and adverse mental health outcomes in autistic and non-autistic people (McCauley et al., 2019; van der Cruijsen & Boyer, 2021).”
From Community-guided, autism-adapted group cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in autistic youth (CBT-DAY): Preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy (2024) · cites this paper as McCauley et al., 2019
Citations
Cites
Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind” ?
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 · Cited by 8,599
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f · Cited by 3,399
Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028931 · Cited by 2,123
Christensen, D. L., Baio, J., Braun, K. V. N., Bilder, D., Charles, J., Constantino, J. N., Daniels, J., Durkin, M. S., Fitzgerald, R. T., Kurzius-Spencer, M., et al. (2016) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6503a1 · Cited by 1,964
Traditional and atypical presentations of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder
Kerns, C. M., Kendall, P. C., Berry, L., Souders, M. C., Franklin, M. E., Schultz, R. T., Miller, J., & Herrington, J. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2141-7 · Cited by 405
Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: relation with social and emotional functioning
Ginsburg, G. S., La Greca, A. M., & Silverman, W. K. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022668101048 · Cited by 360
Autism and attachment: a meta-analytic review
Rutgers, A. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I. A. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00305.x · Cited by 339
Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age.
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015922 · Cited by 308
Self-citationReliability and Validity of Parent- and Child-Rated Anxiety Measures in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kaat, A. J., & Lecavalier, L. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2481-y · Cited by 83 · cited 1×
“Indeed, researchers have cautioned the use of self-report anxiety scales due to inconsistencies in how items may be interpreted by different raters (Kaat & Lecavalier, 2015; Storch et al., 2012).”
BackgroundThe Lifespan Self-Esteem Scale: Initial Validation of a New Measure of Global Self-Esteem
Harris, M. A., Donnellan, M. B., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2018) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2016.1278380 · Cited by 70
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 75
- 10.7551/mitpress/4635.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/1467-8624.00156 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1023/B:JODD.0000026616.24896.c8 · DOI
- Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- 10.1002/aur.1489 · DOI
- Berument, S., Rutter, M., Lord, A., Pickles, A., & Bailey, B. (1999). Social communications questionnaire. Camberwell, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research.
- 10.1007/s10803-011-1241-x · DOI
- 10.1017/S0954579400006386 · DOI
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- 10.1023/A:1025014929212 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF02409829 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.004 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/cdev.2013.84.issue-3 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.x · DOI
- 10.1023/A:1023040610384 · DOI
- 10.1023/A:1005530402239 · DOI
- 10.1037/0021-843X.105.3.358 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0954579413000904 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.913 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/1362361312467235 · DOI
- 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185553 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF02172093 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/1129640 · DOI · Paper page
- Harter, S. (1985a). Competence as a dimension of self-evaluation: Toward a comprehensive model of self-worth. In R. Leahy (Ed.), The development of the self (pp. 55–121). New York, NY: Academic Press.
- Harter, S. (1985b). Manual for the self-perception profile for children. Denver, CO: University of Denver.
- Harter, S. (2006). The self. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3, Social emotional and personality development (6th ed., pp. 505–570). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.
- 10.1111/1467-6494.7106006 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10803-013-1968-7 · DOI
- 10.1111/jcpp.1986.27.issue-3 · DOI
- IBM Corp. (2015). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: Author.
- 10.1023/A:1023082928366 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10803-007-0496-8 · DOI
- Kanner, L. (1973). Childhood psychosis: Initial studies and new insights. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.
- 10.1177/0146167212437250 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.05.005 · DOI
- 10.1080/09540269974177 · DOI
- 10.1111/jcpp.1998.39.issue-8 · DOI
- 10.1521/jscp.2014.33.6.560 · DOI
- 10.1177/1362361309358700 · DOI
- Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., Risi, S., Gotham, K., & Bishop, S. (2012). Autism diagnostic observation schedule: ADOS-2. Huntington, NY: Western Psychological Services.
- 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.809 · DOI
- 10.1023/A:1010608518060 · DOI
- March, J. S. (2013). Multimensional Anxiety Scale for Children–2nd edition: Technical manual. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
- 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1224 · DOI
- Marsh, H. W. (1992). Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ) II: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of adolescent self-concept: An interim test manual and a research monograph. New South Wales, Australia: Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney.
- 10.3102/00028312022003422 · DOI
- 10.1111/cdev.12176 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.004 · DOI
- 10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.101 · DOI
- 10.1177/1362361306064435 · DOI
- 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90122-8 · DOI
- 10.1177/2167702614540646 · DOI
- 10.1177/014662167700100306 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00021 · DOI · Paper page
- Rosenberg, M. (1986). Concieving the self. Malabar, FL: Robert E: Krieger. (Original work published 1979)
- 10.1037/a0031299 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/jcpp.2004.45.issue-6 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0140525X12000660 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s10803-017-3184-3 · DOI
- 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF02409576 · DOI
- 10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.25 · DOI
- Sroufe, L. A. (2002). From infant attachment to promotion of adolescent autonomy: Prospective, longitudinal data on the role of parents in development. In J. G. Borkowski, S. L. Ramey, & M. Bristol-Power (Eds.), Parenting and the child’s world: Influences on academic, intellectual, and social-emotional development. Monographs in parenting (pp. 187–202). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
- 10.1089/cap.2011.0114 · DOI
- 10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.381 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s10803-009-0832-2 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10803-006-0292-x · DOI
- Wechsler, D., & Hsiao-Pin, C. (2011). WASI-II: Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- 10.1111/cdev.2009.80.issue-4 · DOI
- 10.1207/s15327752jpa6501_8 · DOI
- 10.1177/1362361309344849 · DOI
- 10.1177/1362361308091652 · DOI
- 10.1037/a0025440 · DOI
- 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.283 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Schwartzman, J. M., Roth, M. C., Paterson, A. V., Jacobs, A. X., & Williams, Z. J. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231213543 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- McCauley, J. B., Harris, M. A., Zajic, M. C., Swain-Lerro, L. E., Oswald, T., McIntyre, N., Trzesniewski, K., Mundy, P., & Solomon, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of California-Davis
- Corresponding author
- McCauley, James B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-10-19
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 400-411
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- OpenAlex
- W2765978834
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute of Education Sciences (R324A120168)
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Tupin Grant)
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and UC Davis MIND Institute (Lisa Capps Endowment for Research on Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- self-esteem, autism spectrum disorder, theory of mind, internalizing problems, depression, anxiety, children and adolescents, self-awareness, psychiatric comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Defense Mechanisms, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Theory of Mind
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review