The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of branched chain amino acids, l-citrulline, and alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine supplementation on exercise performance in trained cyclists: a randomized crossover trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Nutrition plays a key role in training and athletic performance and dietary supplements can make a small, but potentially valuable, contribution to achieving peak athletic performance. This study is the first to investigate the effects of supplementation from the combination of BCAAs, L-citrulline, and A-GPC on exercise performance. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study 30 male trained cyclists (age: 43.7 ± 8.5 years) completed a 20 km cycling time trial (TT) test and a high intensity endurance cycling (HIEC) test following a 7-day supplementation period with either a supplement containing 8 g BCAAs, 6 g L-citrulline, and 300 mg A-GPC or a placebo (15 g maltodextrin). For each trial, mean values for time to completion, peak and average power output, OMNI rating of perceived exertion, and visual analogue scale (VAS) responses on perceived exertion were computed for the 20 km TT test. Mean values for time to fatigue and VAS responses on perceived exertion were computed for the HIEC test. Procedures for dietary intake and exercise patterns were implemented to achieve consistency throughout the study period. RESULTS: = .001) in time to fatigue in the HIEC test (0:19:49 ± 0:11:13 min and 0:14:33 ± 0:09:59 min, for supplement and placebo trials, respectively) with the test supplement compared to the placebo. With the test supplement, there was an average increase in TT peak power of 11% and an average increase in time to fatigue of 36.2% in the HIEC test compared to the placebo. There was no significant improvement in time to completion, average power, OMNI rating of perceived exertion, or VAS responses on perceived exertion in the TT test and no significant improvement in VAS measures of perceived exertion in the HIEC test. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of BCAAs, L-citrulline, and A-GPC used in this study improves cycling performance and may be useful for individuals seeking to improve athletic performance, particularly in disciplines requiring lower body muscular strength and endurance.
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“Finally, Harrington et al. [15] reported that muscular power was improved in 30 male trained cyclists after seven days of supplementing with 300 mg of A-GPC, but the A-GPC was provided as part of a combination that also included BCAAs and citrulline, so the independent impact of A-GPC was not able to be clearly discerned from this study.”
From Acute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Finally, Harrington et al. [15] reported that muscular power was improved in 30 male trained cyclists after seven days of supplementing with 300 mg of A-GPC, but the A-GPC was provided as part of a combination that also included BCAAs and citrulline, so the independent impact of A-GPC was not able to be clearly discerned from this study.”
From Acute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
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International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., Purpura, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Ferrando, A. A., Arent, S. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8 · Cited by 873
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise
Campbell, B., Kreider, R. B., Ziegenfuss, T., La Bounty, P., Roberts, M., Burke, D., Landis, J., Lopez, H., & Antonio, J. (2007) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-4-8 · Cited by 716
Peak power output predicts maximal oxygen uptake and performance time in trained cyclists
Hawley, J. A., & Noakes, T. D. (1992) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf01466278 · Cited by 422
Shimomura, Y., Murakami, T., Nakai, N., Nagasaki, M., & Harris, R. A. (2004) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.6.1583s · Cited by 405
Branched-chain amino acids and muscle protein synthesis in humans: myth or reality?
Wolfe, R. R. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0184-9 · Cited by 337
Chronakis, I. S. (1998) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408699891274327 · Cited by 325
Validation of the Adult OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion for Cycle Ergometer Exercise
Robertson, R. J., Goss, F. L., Dubé, J. J., RUTKOWSKI, J. J., Dupain, M., BRENNAN, C., & Andreacci, J. L. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000106169.35222.8b · Cited by 211
A Role for Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Reducing Central Fatigue
Blomstrand, E. (2006) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.2.544s · Cited by 209
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Hamadou, M. (2025) · Applied Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.afres.2025.101056 · Cited by 48
Che, X., Zhao, Y., Xu, Z., Hu, Y., Ren, A., Wu, C., & Yang, J. (2025) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf008 · Cited by 6
Cao, J., & Su, E. (2025) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.70117 · Cited by 6
Acute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men
Kerksick, C. M. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16234240 · Cited by 8
“Finally, Harrington et al. [15] reported that muscular power was improved in 30 male trained cyclists after seven days of supplementing with 300 mg of A-GPC, but the A-GPC was provided as part of a combination that also included BCAAs and citrulline, so the independent impact of A-GPC was not able…”
Anugrah, S. M., Kusnanik, N. W., Wahjuni, E. S., Zubaida, I., Triprayogo, R., Dhani, D. P., Resmana, D., Ayubi, N., Sari, E., & Mulyawan, R. (2024) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v55.103569 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Harrington, R. N.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harrington, Renee Nicole
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-05-25
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2214112-2214112
- ISSN
- 1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10215009
- OpenAlex
- W4378194187
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- No funding
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Biochemical effects in animals
- Keywords
- branched-chain amino acids, citrulline, dietary supplementation, exercise performance, trained cyclists, cycling time trial, time to exhaustion, perceived exertion, output power, endurance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Bicycling, Citrulline, Double-Blind Method, Fatigue, Glycerylphosphorylcholine, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Athletic Performance
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