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Cited by 405Muscle metabolism and nutritionExercise and Physiological ResponsesAmino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism

Exercise Promotes BCAA Catabolism: Effects of BCAA Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle during Exercise

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Shimomura, Yoshiharu, Murakami, Taro, Nakai, Naoya, Nagasaki, Masaru, Harris, Robert A.·2004·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/jn/134.6.1583s
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Abstract

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids that can be oxidized in skeletal muscle. It is known that BCAA oxidation is promoted by exercise. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is attributed to activation of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, which catalyzes the second-step reaction of the BCAA catabolic pathway and is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway. This enzyme complex is regulated by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. The BCKDH kinase is responsible for inactivation of the complex by phosphorylation, and the activity of the kinase is inversely correlated with the activity state of the BCKDH complex, which suggests that the kinase is the primary regulator of the complex. We found recently that administration of ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) in rats caused activation of the hepatic BCKDH complex in association with a decrease in the kinase activity, which suggests that promotion of fatty acid oxidation upregulates the BCAA catabolism. Long-chain fatty acids are ligands for PPARalpha, and the fatty acid oxidation is promoted by several physiological conditions including exercise. These findings suggest that fatty acids may be one of the regulators of BCAA catabolism and that the BCAA requirement is increased by exercise. Furthermore, BCAA supplementation before and after exercise has beneficial effects for decreasing exercise-induced muscle damage and promoting muscle-protein synthesis; this suggests the possibility that BCAAs are a useful supplement in relation to exercise and sports.

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  • The contribution from protein is not negligible, as evidenced by profound alterations in whole body protein metabolism and amino acid kinetics in response to exercise that consequently regulate fuel metabolism and the adaptive response to training.

    “but by no means is the contribution from protein negligible, as evidenced by the profound alterations in whole body protein metabolism and amino acid kinetics in response to exercise that consequently regulate fuel metabolism and the adaptive response to training [166,168,169,170].”

    From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [169]

  • In normal physiology, myocytes and adipocytes activate mitochondrial BCAA catabolic enzymes to support ATP production during exercise or fasting and differentiation, respectively.

    “In normal physiology, myocytes and adipocytes activate mitochondrial BCAA catabolic enzymes to support ATP production during exercise or fasting and differentiation, respectively.46,47”

    From The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as [46]

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Authors
Shimomura, Y., Murakami, T., Nakai, N., Nagasaki, M., & Harris, R. A.
Affiliations
  • Nagoya Institute of Technology (JP)
  • Mie University (JP)
  • Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author
Shimomura, Yoshiharu
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-06
Volume
134
Issue
6
Pages
1583S-1587S
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/jn/134.6.1583s
OpenAlex
W2141879632
Cited by
405
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
FWCI
0.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Keywords
branched-chain amino acids, BCAA catabolism, physical activity, skeletal muscle, branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase, phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle, PPARα, fatty acid oxidation, exercise-induced muscle damage, muscle protein synthesis, BCAA supplementation
MeSH terms
Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Animals, Humans, Motor Activity, Sports, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements

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