Non‐Canonical Amino Acids in Protein Polymer Design
Abstract
Protein polymers can be prepared with essentially absolute control of chain length, sequence, and stereochemistry through biological synthesis in microbial hosts. But for the polymer chemist, the twenty “canonical” amino acids provide an unacceptably small set of starting materials for macromolecular design. In the past several years, powerful techniques have been developed to introduce non‐natural (non‐canonical) amino acids containing a wide variety of functional groups into recombinant proteins. This review presents the methods currently available for the introduction of non‐natural amino acids into engineered proteins both in vitro and in vivo. Methods for multiple‐ and single‐site introduction are described. Recent applications of these methods are also addressed, particularly the development of biosensors, novel surfaces, and materials.
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Protein-based hydrogels can be outfitted with a broad range of chemical functionalities by introducing noncanonical amino acids; they can also be readily tailored to a wide variety of biomedical contexts and made thermally responsive.
“Protein-based hydrogels can be outfitted with a broad range of chemical functionalities by introducing noncanonical amino acids208,209; they can also be readily tailored to a wide variety of biomedical contexts210,211 and made thermally responsive212,213.”
From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [209]
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- Authors
- Connor, R. E., & Tirrell, D. A.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tirrell, David A.
- Venue
- Polymer Reviews
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-28
- ISSN
- 0736-6574 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-3724
- 1558-3716
- OpenAlex
- W1981527166
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of macromolecular science. Part C, Reviews in macromolecular chemistry and physics/Journal of macromolecular science. Reviews in macromolecular chemistry and physics (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Click Chemistry and Applications
- Keywords
- unnatural amino acids, protein polymers, engineered proteins, biosensors, biomaterials
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