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Tensions in human-centred design
Open accessAbstract
In human-centred design (HCD), researchers and designers attempt to cooperate with and learn from potential users of the products or services which they are developing. Their goal is to develop products or services that match users’ practices, needs and preferences. In this position paper it is argued that HCD practitioners need to deal with two tensions that are inherent in HCD: they need to combine and balance users’ knowledge and ideas with their own knowledge and ideas; and they need to combine and balance a concern for understanding current or past practices with a concern for envisioning alternative or future practices. Six HCD approaches – participatory design, ethnography, the lead user approach, contextual design, codesign and empathic design – are discussed in order to argue that these different approaches are different ways to cope with the two tensions. In addition, several examples from practice are provided to illustrate these tensions. Moreover, it is advocated that HCD practitioners critically reflect on their practices, their methods and their own involvement, so that they can more consciously follow specific HCD approaches and more mindfully cope with the two tensions.
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“Engaging users in co-design can empower them and provide a sense of ownership in the decision making of technology development [7].”
From Long-Term Co-Design Guidelines: Empowering Older Adults as Co-Designers of Social Robots (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Co-design and participatory design are valuable methodologies to incorporate users into design processes, amplify user voices that are often not heard in technology design, and empower users as purposeful contributors to design [7].”
From Long-Term Co-Design Guidelines: Empowering Older Adults as Co-Designers of Social Robots (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Steen, M.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Steen, Marc
- ORCID
- Steen, Marc
- Venue
- CoDesign
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-60
- ISSN
- 1571-0882 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-3755
- OpenAlex
- W2149423735
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- zenodo.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- CoDesign (publishedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Design Education and Practice
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Keywords
- human-centered design, design tensions, user knowledge, practitioner knowledge, participatory design, ethnography, contextual design, empathic design
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