The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 23 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice
Open accessAbstract
The effects of a substance use disorder (SUD) are felt by the whole family. The family context holds information about how SUDs develop, are maintained, and what can positively or negatively influence the treatment of the disorder. Family systems theory and attachment theory are theoretical models that provide a framework for understanding how SUDs affect the family. In addition, understanding the current developmental stage a family is in helps inform assessment of impairment and determination of appropriate interventions. SUDs negatively affect emotional and behavioral patterns from the inception of the family, resulting in poor outcomes for the children and adults with SUDs. Social workers can help address SUDs in multiple ways, which are summarized in this article.
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Claims the paper makes
39 Own interpretation · 12 Sources not found · 6 No full text of the sources · 3 No basis given · 2 Not checked yet
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When family members have appropriate education and treatment for themselves they can play a significant role in the abusers' recognition of the problem and acceptance of treatment.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The utilization of evidence-based family approaches has demonstrated superiority over individual or group-based treatments (Baldwin, Christian, Berkeljon, & Shandish, 2012).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baldwin, Christian, Berkeljon, & Shandish, 2012 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Carter and McGoldrick (1989) identify eight stages of the family life cycle and corresponding developmental tasks.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Developmental Stages of the Family
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carter and McGoldrick, 1989
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A parent with a SUD, who is mood altered, preoccupied with getting high or spending significant amounts of time recovering from the effects of substances, may miss the opportunities to foster healthy attachment.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For children there is also an increased risk of developing an SUD themselves (Zimic & Jakic, 2012).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Zimic & Jakic, 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“Studies looking at the relative weight of these influences show that both add contribution and impact (Haber et al., 2010).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Haber et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The impact will vary depending on the role and gender that the individual with the SUD has in the family.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Active substance abuse in the family of a client who is trying to get clean will also put that client at risk for relapse.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When one person in a family begins to change his or her behavior, the change will affect the entire family system.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These behaviors can be seen as an attempt to maintain the comfortable equilibrium of the system because as one person changes it upsets the equilibrium of the whole family system including extended family relationships.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 20
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The negative impacts of parental SUDs on the family include disruption of attachment, rituals, roles, routines, communication, social life, and finances.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The family context holds information about how SUDs develop, are maintained, and what can positively or negatively influence the treatment of the disorder.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The studies of families with SUDs reveal patterns that significantly influence child development and the likelihood that a child will struggle with emotional, behavioral, or substance use problems (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2003).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SUDs negatively affect emotional and behavioral patterns from the inception of the family, resulting in poor outcomes for the children and adults with SUDs.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Treating the individual without family involvement may limit the effectiveness of treatment for two main reasons: it ignores the devastating impact of SUDs on the family system leaving family members untreated, and it does not recognize the family as a potential system of support for change.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Family systems theory and attachment theory are theoretical models that provide a framework for understanding how SUDs affect the family.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effects of a substance use disorder (SUD) are felt by the whole family.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The family is the main provider of attachment, nurturing, and socialization for people in contemporary society.
In the paper
“The majority of these children are younger than age 5 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2010).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without a healthy attachment system, a child is much more vulnerable to stress and therefore more susceptible to having problems with trauma, anxiety, depression, and other mental illness.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the family therapy models share the basic principal of family systems theory that is that the individual cannot be fully understood or successfully treated without first understanding how that individual functions in his or her family system.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Family Systems Theory
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It is estimated that more than eight million children younger than age 18 live with at least one adult who has a SUD that is a rate of more than one in 10 children.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Individuals who present in our clinical settings can be seen as “symptomatic,” and their pathology can be viewed as an attempt adapt to their family system so as to maintain homeostasis.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Family Systems Theory
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Attachment theory posits that the quality of the parents' attachment system that developed in infancy will affect their ability to form healthy attachments to their own children and with other adults.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Families in which there is a parental SUD are characterized by an environment of secrecy, loss, conflict, violence or abuse, emotional chaos, role reversal, and fear.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK > Attachment Theory
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attitudes and beliefs that family members have about SUDs are also of importance as these will influence the individuals as they try to get sober and will influence the efficacy of treatment interventions.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each family and each family member is uniquely affected by the individual using substances including but not limited to having unmet developmental needs, impaired attachment, economic hardship, legal problems, emotional distress, and sometimes violence being perpetrated against him or her.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The family is the main provider of attachment, nurturing, and socialization for people in contemporary society.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, understanding the current developmental stage a family is in helps inform assessment of impairment and determination of appropriate interventions.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > Abstract
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“a SUD are more likely to have poorer physical, intellectual, social, and emotional outcomes and are at greater risk of developing substance abuse problems themselves (USDHHS, 2003).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Parental Substance Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites USDHHS, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This sets the child up for a potential lifetime of inability to set healthy boundaries in relationships and make the important triad connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It creates a lack of self-awareness and sometimes an over awareness of others' needs.”
- Also stated in: § Case Example · boosted
“In the literature one can find these difficulties well-documented under children of alcoholics and adult children of alcoholics research (Berkowitz & Perkins, 1988; Cork, 1969; Hecht, 1973; Morehouse & Richards, 1982; Stroufe, Egeland, Carlson, & Collins, 2005; Tarter, 2002; Zucker, Donovan, Masten, Mattson, & Moss, 2009).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Case Example
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Case Example · boosted
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This can result in children and adolescents having an increased risk for internalizing problems such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and so on or externalizing problems such as opposition, conduct problems (stealing, lying, and truancy), anger outbursts, aggressivity, impulsivity, and again substance abuse.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Impact of Parental Substance Abuse on Children
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: All primates acquire affect regulation from their primary attachment figures through attachment and modeling.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Motivational interviewing strategies can be employed to build rapport, increase motivation for change, and decrease resistance (Miller & Rollnick, 2002; W. R. Miller & Rose, 2010).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > How Social Workers in Nonaddiction Settings Can Help
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Miller & Rollnick, 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites W. R. Miller & Rose, 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The significant increase in out-of-home child placements in the 1980s and 1990s closely paralleled the pandemic drug addiction in the United States during those decades (Jaudes & Edwo, 1997).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Parental Substance Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Jaudes & Edwo, 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted that blended families with stepparents and stepchildren have their own developmental needs that are impaired by SUDs as well, but those are not detailed in this table.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Developmental Stages of the Family
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The earlier we can intervene in the progression of an SUD, the better the outcomes for all family members.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > SUMMARY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: When a parent has severe and ongoing substance abuse, the parent and child may be separated because of incarceration, long-term treatment, removal by child protective services, or the parent's death.
- Rests on an assumption: Long-term separation harms a child's attachment and affect regulation and may trigger trauma responses such as numbing or hyperarousal.
- Rests on an assumption: Problems in the psychological emergency response system are directly linked to and greatly raise the likelihood of later traumatic victimization.
- Rests on an assumption: Many children in addicted households become parentified, caring for themselves and siblings prematurely, and in a reversal of dependence needs, they care for the parent.
- Rests on an assumption: Parents with substance use disorders may struggle with assertiveness and direct communication, and certain topics are covertly off-limits.
- Rests on an assumption: Children in families with substance use disorders often see poor communication and emotional dysregulation between caregivers, which frequently leads to domestic violence.
- Rests on an assumption: These children commonly experience anxiety, fear, depression, guilt, shame, loneliness, confusion, and anger.
- Rests on an assumption: Children affected by parental substance use disorders may think they caused the disorder or feel they must keep the drug use secret.
- Rests on an assumption: A parent's moodiness, forgetfulness, and preoccupation can make the child's environment chaotic, unstructured, and unpredictable.
- Rests on an assumption: Some children affected by parental substance use exhibit educational problems.
In the paper
“The sequalae of this is that these children are more than 50% more likely to be arrested as juveniles, and 40% more likely to commit a violent crime (USDHHS, 1996).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Parental Substance Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites USDHHS, 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These difficulties may cause disabilities that require early intervention and often ongoing and social and mental health services.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Impact of Parental Substance Abuse on Children
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Genograms can reveal SUD patterns in a visual way and help to obtain family details of substance use without directly asking about the problem thereby decreasing defensiveness.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > How Social Workers in Nonaddiction Settings Can Help
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McGoldrick & Gerson, 1985
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Incest has a very high association with parental substance abuse as do all types of sexual abuse.”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Parental Substance Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children who have experienced abuse are more likely to have the externalizing disorders such as anger, aggression, conduct, and behavioral problems whereas children who experience neglect are more likely to have internalizing disorders (depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, poor peer relations).”
§ The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice > FAMILY IMPACT > Parental Substance Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The family is the main provider of attachment, nurturing, and socialization for people in contemporary society.
“The family remains the primary source of attachment, nurturing, and socialization for humans in our current society.”
The paper relies on this without support.
All primates acquire affect regulation from their primary attachment figures through attachment and modeling.
“As previously mentioned, all primates learn how to regulate their affect from their primary attachment figures through the attachment system and modeling.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Genetic and environmental factors both play a role in the development of substance use disorders.
“Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of SUDs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
When a parent has severe and ongoing substance abuse, the parent and child may be separated because of incarceration, long-term treatment, removal by child protective services, or the parent's death.
“sometimes the consequences of severe and ongoing substance abuse on the part of a parent can result in parent and child separation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Long-term separation harms a child's attachment and affect regulation and may trigger trauma responses such as numbing or hyperarousal.
“Any long-term separation will have a negative impact on the child's ability to attach, regulate affect, and can lead to a trauma response of numbing or hyperarousal (inability to discriminate and respond appropriately to stimulus).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Problems in the psychological emergency response system are directly linked to and greatly raise the likelihood of later traumatic victimization.
“These impairments in the psychological emergency response system are directly related to, and substantially increase, subsequent traumatic victimization.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many children in addicted households become parentified, caring for themselves and siblings prematurely, and in a reversal of dependence needs, they care for the parent.
“Many children living in a home where there is an addiction develop into “parentified children.” This occurs when the caretaker is unable to meet the developmental needs of the child, and the child begins to parent themselves and perhaps younger siblings earlier than developmentally appropriate. In a phenomenon called “reversal of dependence needs” the child actually begins to parent the parent.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Parents with substance use disorders may struggle with assertiveness and direct communication, and certain topics are covertly off-limits.
“Parents with a SUD may have difficulty with assertiveness and direct communication. Many subjects are covertly “off-limits” to discuss.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Children in families with substance use disorders often see poor communication and emotional dysregulation between caregivers, which frequently leads to domestic violence.
“Children in these families also often witness the convergence of poor communication and affect dysregulation with their caregivers that frequently results in domestic violence.”
The paper relies on this without support.
These children commonly experience anxiety, fear, depression, guilt, shame, loneliness, confusion, and anger.
“Common emotions these children experience are anxiety, fear, depression guilt, shame, loneliness, confusion, and anger.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Children affected by parental substance use disorders may think they caused the disorder or feel they must keep the drug use secret.
“They may believe that they caused their parent's SUD, or perhaps they are expected to keep the drug use a secret from others in the family or in the community.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A parent's moodiness, forgetfulness, and preoccupation can make the child's environment chaotic, unstructured, and unpredictable.
“A parent's moodiness, forgetfulness, and preoccupation can create a chaotic and unstructured, unpredictable environment that leaves the child guessing and asking the questions, “What is going to happen next?” and “What is normal?””
The paper relies on this without support.
Some children affected by parental substance use exhibit educational problems.
“Educational problems are also characteristic of some children affected by parental substance use.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Enabling, a form of accommodation, shields the person with a substance use disorder from fully facing consequences, making continued substance use more likely.
“Enabling is a form of accommodation that protects the individual with the SUD from fully experiencing the consequences of his or her substance use.”
“As a result, his SUD is more likely to continue.”
The paper relies on this without support.
At least 10% of the general population has a substance use disorder, and the rate is higher among people with mental health problems.
“However with the prevalence of SUDs in the general population being at least 10%, and higher for those presenting with mental health problems, social workers in all settings will find themselves working with individuals with SUDs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most social workers are mandated reporters, and many patients aware of this may hide their substance use for fear of being reported to Child Protective Services.
“Most social workers are mandated reporters so this can present an ethical issue for those who work with individuals with SUDs, especially those with dependent children. Many patients know this and may withhold information about their substance use out of fear of being reported to Child Protective Services.”
The paper relies on this without support.
If a substance use disorder goes undetected, treatment for any other problem may fail.
“An undetected SUD can cause treatment of any type of problem to be ineffective.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Addiction researchers have established that addiction and the environment influence each other reciprocally.
“Addictions researchers have confirmed the reciprocal relationship between the disease of addiction and the environment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Every person affects their social environment and is affected by it in return.
“All persons influence their social environment and in turn are influenced by it.”
Claims other papers make about this one
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The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Addictive disorders also have pervasive negative consequences for partners, family members and friends [concerned significant others (CSOs)] who, through intimate proximity, are at heightened risk of abuse, physical and mental health problems [7,8].”
From Community reinforcement and family training and rates of treatment entry: a systematic review. (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“CSOs often experience stress, worry, financial strain and disrupted family relationships related to the IP's substance use (Gandhi et al., 2017”
From Online community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) for rural concerned significant others: A randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as Lander et al., 2013
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Okediji, P. T., Troy, D. M., Heron, J., Kipping, R., Martin, R. M., & Wright, C. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17516-4 · Cited by 4
“There is also evidence indicating that parents with substance use disorders are about three times more likely to abuse their child physically or sexually, thereby compounding a cycle of neglect [29].”
Onyenwe, C. A., Onwumere, C., & Odilibe, I. P. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences · doi:10.51594/ijarss.v6i3.966 · Cited by 4
Hussain, A., Aljarallah, A. S., Huq, M., Mackawy, A. M. H., Alharbi, B. F., Almutairi, K. S., Alruwetei, A. M., Almatroudi, A., Alharbi, H. O., Johery, S. A. E. A., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61182-4 · Cited by 4
“It may suggest that adolescents often experiment with drugs due to rapid physical and intellectual development, which can be influenced by life events and social group affiliations, leading to an experimental attitude and increased drug use risk 23–25 .”
BackgroundYouth participation in substance use prevention: A national profile, 2011–2019
Lu, W., Xu, L., Bessaha, M. L., Liu, Y., Matthews, J., & Muñoz‐Laboy, M. (2024) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108050 · Cited by 4
Sakai, J. T., Tanabe, J., Battula, S., Zipperly, M. E., Mikulich‐Gilbertson, S. K., Kern, D. S., Thompson, J. A., Ojemann, S., Raymond, K. M., Gerecht, P. D., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1435109 · Cited by 4
Iqbal, M. N., Ijaz, S., Javed, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2025.2459731 · Cited by 4
“From a very using age, these children have to perform adults’ roles which negatively impacts their overall development (Lander et al., 2013).”
Lee, H., Thulien, M., Eekhoudt, C. R., Friesen, D., Manson, D., Bagley, S. M., Hadland, S. E., & Fast, D. (2025) · Child & Youth Services · doi:10.1080/0145935x.2025.2468177 · Cited by 4
“Individual counseling for both parties should address past and current MHSU issues and clarify the needs, priorities, and desires of each party in relation to developing more supportive and healing relationships (Lander et al., 2013; McFarlane et al., 2003).”
InfluentialParent substance use and child‐to‐parent violence: A brief report
Curtis, A., Skvarc, D., Brittain, N., Miller, P. G., Mayshak, R., & Harries, T. (2025) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.14031 · Cited by 4
“Alternatively, the unpredictability of the environment resulting from the dyadic substance use may lead to high levels of emotion dysregulation within the family unit, and any difficulties in managing such dysregulation by the parents are modelled by the young person [13].”
Substance use among young people in the West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Shifa, J. E., Adams, J., & Demant, D. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319432 · Cited by 5
“When family members engage in substance use, it normalizes the behaviour, making young people more likely to view substance use as acceptable or desirable, thus prompting experimentation [78,97].”
RISK OF PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WHOSE PARENTS RECEIVE OUTPATIENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT
Geschiere, M., Spijkerman, R., & Glopper, A. D. (2017) · International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies · doi:10.18357/ijcyfs82201717723 · Cited by 4
“Aside from this, clients can fear the involvement of Child Protective Services when they open up about their parenting (Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAddressing Substance Use with the Adolescent in Primary Care
Kowalchuk, A. A., de Grubb, M. C. M., González, S., & Zoorob, R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66130-0.00013-2 · Cited by 4
Matsuda, Y., Kim, Y., Salani, D. A., McCabe, B. E., & Mitrani, V. B. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12624 · Cited by 4
“Parental substance use and mental health disorders can heavily impact the health and well-being of children, including their physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral development (Choi et al., 2017; Lander et al., 2013; Stein et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSocio-Economic Situation and Substance Use Disorder Influences on Safety Practices among Truckers
Ajayi, A. P., & Mazinyo, S. P. (2020) · The Open Transportation Journal · doi:10.2174/1874447802014010078 · Cited by 4
Lise, F., Schwartz, E., Dall’Agnol, J., et al. (2020) · Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online · doi:10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v12.7145 · Cited by 4
Rodríguez, A. M. P., & Calvo-Abaunza, A. F. (2021) · Informes Psicológicos · doi:10.18566/infpsic.v21n1a010 · Cited by 4
Bushman, M., Godishala, S., Hyzer, R. H., Jerisha, J., Jolliff, A. F., Kaji, E., Kerr, B. R., Mathur, A., & Tsao, O. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/29318 · Cited by 4
Ongeri, L., Moshi, V., Denckla, C. A., Bosire, R. K., Singa, B. O., Otieno, P. A., Maingi, C., Ouma, L., Omolo, D., & Manduku, V. (2022) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2053614 · Cited by 4
“For example, the absence of a biological parent was associated with increased cannabis use among adolescents in a multi-country analysis, a finding consistent with our results (Hoffmann 2017; Lander, Howsare, and Byrne 2013).”
BackgroundResultKeresztes, N., Armstrong, N., Smith, J. A., Gupta, H., Goding, S., & Endemann, S.-A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085514 · Cited by 4
“Substance use issues rarely impact the individual only; they also significantly affect the whole family and even the broader social environment [2,10].”
BackgroundSharma, G., Chakole, S. V., Prasad, R., Wanjari, M. B., & Sharma, R. P. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.39132 · Cited by 4
“Parents play a crucial role in reducing the likelihood of drug use and overdose by providing guidance, establishing clear expectations and boundaries, and promoting positive decision-making skills and behaviors [12].”
BackgroundFarnia, V., Salemi, S., Mordinazar, M., Khanegi, M., Tatari, F., Golshani, S., Jamshidi, P., & Alikhani, M. (2020) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2020.1801547 · Cited by 4
“…behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder have shown that the traits such as poor attachment (Solis et al., 2012), low self-esteem (Omkarappa & Rentala, 2019), and emotional problems (Lander et al., 2013) are commonly found in these children than the normal level.”
BackgroundDhara, R., & Barman, P. (2020) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2020.83139 · Cited by 4
“The exposition of adjustment problems includes self-injuries, illusion, depression, destructive and violent behaviour, etc. (Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMushonga, S., & van Breda, A. D. P. (2021) · Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk · doi:10.15270/57-4-967 · Cited by 4
Motherhood and Treatment Outcome in Female Patients with Compulsive Buying–Shopping Disorder
Mestre‐Bach, G., Granero, R., Casalé-Salayet, G., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Müller, A., Brand, M., Gómez‐Peña, M., Moragas, L., Sánchez, I., Camacho‐Barcia, L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127075 · Cited by 4
“Consequently, those mothers who are able to fully identify with the parenting role may be more likely to experience an effective recovery [3].”
BackgroundMcLachlan, A., Levy, M. P., McClintock, K., & Tauroa, R. (2014) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2014.947460 · Cited by 4
“Refer patients for specialist assessment if child development, health, or mental health concerns are identified (Hart & Powell, 2006; Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBraaf, E., & Roman, N. V. (2023) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2023.2237678 · Cited by 3
“…(SUDs) arise when the use of alcohol or other substances, such as legal or illegal drugs, results in either physical health issues, interpersonal problems, or the inability to function effectively in various social settings such as at work, home, or school (Lander, Howsare, & Byrne, 2013).”
BackgroundExamining Utilization of Family-Based Treatment in Substance Use Treatment Centers
Chou, J. L., Patton, R., Aletraris, L., Zaarur, A., Grella, C. E., Roman, P. M., & Feeney, E. (2024) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-024-09700-4 · Cited by 4
Deyessa, N., Getahun, K., Filimona, R., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322047 · Cited by 3
“Similarly, spouse substance use, such as khat chewing, has been identified as a stressor contributing to mental health conditions in other contexts [33].”
The Impact of Parental Alcohol Misuse on Children: A Systematic Review
Nkobi, M., & Kingan, M. (2025) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2025.2512232 · Cited by 5
“…attachment, economic hardships, emotional distress, and sometimes physical abuse against them, drawing largely on children’s narrative of their experience is critical as research suggest that children may have different perspectives and preoccupa-tions on their parents (Lander et al., 2013).”
Family caregivers of people who use drugs in Vietnam: Perceived burden and coping
Nguyen, H. N., Li, L., Nguyen, D. B., Thắng, P. H., & Nguyen, T. A. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118440 · Cited by 4
“Loyalty, devotion, and the perceived obligation to provide lifelong support are commonly reported parental values (Lander et al., 2013; Ólafsdóttir et al., 2020).”
Albuquerque, B. M., & Almeida, T. C. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107754 · Cited by 3
The Opioid Epidemic: Impact on Children and Families
Dirks, A. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders · doi:10.26502/jppd.2572-519x0035 · Cited by 3
Family Therapy for Substance Use among Sexual Minority Youth: A Review of Treatment Options
Simpson, S. K. J., Hawkins, J. M., & Bean, R. A. (2020) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2020.1734502 · Cited by 4
Raynor, P., Corbett, C. F., West, D. S., Johnston, D., Eichelberger, K. Y., Litwin, A. H., Guille, C., & Prinz, R. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054457 · Cited by 3
“As substance use is often common among partners, family members, or support persons [56,57], it is possible that interventions that engage PEPW’s support networks may be more effective and digital technology may be a promising intervention strategy [58].”
BackgroundBuono, F. D., Polonsky, M., Sprong, M. E., Aviles, A., & Cutter, C. J. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports · doi:10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100202 · Cited by 3
“…previous studies showing that family involvement improves assessment of symptom severity and impairment to better utilize treatment interventions (Lander et al., 2013), improved health outcomes for all family members (Ventura & Bagley, 2017), and higher treatment entry and treatment completion…”
BackgroundNshutinzima, A. J., Biracyaza, E., Muhayisa, A., Mukarusanga, I., & Mutabaruka, J. (2023) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2023.2284945 · Cited by 3
“Teenagers with disengaged parents are more likely to exhibit psychological vulnerabilities, academic failure, and negative behaviors like substance addiction (Lander et al., 2013; Velleman et al., 2005).”
How do socioeconomic factors affect the development of adolescent-onset drug use disorders?
Wang, Z., & Martins, S. (2024) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v13i1.6316 · Cited by 3
Jafari, Y., Rajabzadeh, R., Hosseini, S. H., Khorrami, M., Gholizadeh, N., & Namvar, M. (2024) · Emerging Trends in Drugs Addictions and Health · doi:10.1016/j.etdah.2024.100158 · Cited by 3
Nichols, A. J., Oberstaedt, M., Slutsker, S., & Gilbert, K. (2025) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-025-00831-2 · Cited by 3
FAMILY CONNECTEDNESS IN FAMILIES DEALING WITH ADOLESCENTS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW
Danhouse, M. H. (2020) · Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk · doi:10.15270/56-4-862 · Cited by 3
“The dysfunctional family environment that contains substance abuse, physical abuse and neglect, lead to feelings of anger, aggression and withdrawal from the family and involvement in crime (Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialÓlafsdóttir, J., Hrafnsdóttir, S., & Orjasniemi, T. (2018) · Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research · doi:10.4303/jdar/236061 · Cited by 3
“According to systems theory, family therapy focuses on this aspect of systems theory and uses the strength of the family to bring the family back into a healthy dynamic again [28].”
Tiu, M. M. H., Fung, C. K. M., Fung, W. Y., Lai, Y. Y., Tse, C. M., Wong, T. H., Wong, T. K., Wong, W. Y., Wu, M. S., Yeung, K. M., et al. (2020) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2020.128075 · Cited by 3
Hajiha, Z., & Ehsan, H. B. (2021) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2021.1935380 · Cited by 3
“Also, a person with SUD has negative effects on the family system and its interactions (Askian et al., 2016; Cosentino et al., 2017; Disley et al., 2013; Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundCane, T. P. C., Newton, P. D., & Foster, J. (2022) · Advances in Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1108/add-12-2021-0019 · Cited by 4
Chou, J. L., Noel, J. G., Williams, C. L., Spruell, S., Nixon, K., Riedel, E., & Zaarur, A. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12803 · Cited by 5
“…there remains fear of being reported to authorities and losing child custody (Meyer et al., 2019; Stone, 2015); coordinated care that allows for women to meet service providers and begin building rapport can be highly influential in engaging in treatment (Andrews et al., 2018; Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMohamed, M. H., Mohamed, M. H. N., Misdi, Y. O., Chua, B. S., Albert, W. K. G., & Dahlan, M. F. M. (2023) · IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia · doi:10.31436/imjm.v22i1.2164 · Cited by 3
The 2022 State of Ohio Families: Challenges and Promises
Wilkins, J. K., Bates, J. S., Betz, M., Civittolo, D., Fox, J., Jones, L. E., Porfeli, E. J., Powers-Barker, P. K., Reister, H., Remley, D. T., et al. (2023) · Marriage & Family Review · doi:10.1080/01494929.2022.2125480 · Cited by 4
“…a decline in labor productivity and that productivity decline in family members may even be commensurate with the declines of those with an OUD themselves (Copello et al., 2010; Lander et al., 2013), which further complicates the ability of Ohio’s families to financially provide for their needs.”
BackgroundBeeler‐Stinn, S., Renn, T., & Pettus‐Davis, C. (2023) · Health & Justice · doi:10.1186/s40352-023-00213-0 · Cited by 5
La réhabilitation psychosociale en addictologie
Peyron, E., Franck, N., Labaume, L., & Rolland, B. (2023) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2023.07.001 · Cited by 3
Heroin addiction history, psychopathology and stress sensitivity in a sample of migrants to Italy
Carbone, M. G., Tagliarini, C., Rocca, F. D., Ricci, M., Lupi, A. M., Sarandrea, L., Ceban, A., Casella, P., Maremmani, I., & Maremmani, A. G. I. (2024) · Heroin addiction and related clinical problems · doi:10.62401/2531-4122-2024-21 · Cited by 3
Adulterations within illicit drugs: Forensic Prospection
Hegazy, H. M. H., Mostafa, S. M., Darwish, K. M., et al. (2024) · Records of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences/Records of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.21608/rpbs.2024.299738.1305 · Cited by 3
The family and substance abuser in the mental health institution environment
Jacobs, R., & Strümpher, J. (2024) · Health SA Gesondheid · doi:10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2520 · Cited by 3
“Some examples of this would include, but are not limited to, the unmet developmental needs of the patient or their family members (Lander, Howsare & Byrne 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialDoes Marriage Still Make a Difference in Infant Health?
Yan, J. (2024) · Eastern Economic Journal · doi:10.1057/s41302-024-00284-3 · Cited by 4
“Of course, negative influences are possible for some marriages which have high levels of conflict, limit job mobility greatly, or tie women to addicted spouses (Zimet and Jacob 2001; Kulu and Milewski 2007; Lander et al. 2013).”
The effect of an educational intervention in prevention of drug abuse in students
Rakhshani, T., Kamranpoor, S., Kamyab, A., Yari, A., & Jeihooni, A. K. (2024) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2024.2442026 · Cited by 4
“Organ damage, cognitive impairment, and a weakened immune system are just a few of the consequences of long-term use of drugs (Lander et al., 2013).”
Rosenfeld, E. A., Potter, S., Caputo, J., et al. (2025) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-025-00635-z · Cited by 3
Hawkins, J., Salmon, A., Fernando, S., et al. (2025) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2025.2493140 · Cited by 3
“Despite increasing acknowledgement that treatment modalities that exclude CSOs are limited in effectiveness (lander et al., 2013; Selbekk & Sagvaag, 2016), family involvement in services remains minimal, and there persists a paucity of services oriented towards the needs of CSOs in their own right…”
InfluentialÓlafsdóttir, J., Orjasniemi, T., & Hrafnsdóttir, S. (2018) · Review of European Studies · doi:10.5539/res.v10n2p14 · Cited by 3
Unintentional Exposure of an Infant to Synthetic Cannabinoid (Bonzai) Related to the Parent's Use
Dinleyici, M., Kıral, E., Şahin, S., et al. (2018) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000001492 · Cited by 3
“Drug addiction makes parents angry and paranoid, and that causes a tendency to hurt and neglect the child.(11,13) Children growing up in homes where drug addiction is common are weaker in terms of social, physical, behavioral, and psychological development compared with homes without drug addiction.”
BackgroundShi, J. C., van der Maas, M., Turner, N. E., & Potenza, M. N. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00096 · Cited by 3
Browne, C. H., & Shapiro, C. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8_5 · Cited by 5
Schultz, P., & Shirindi, M. L. (2019) · Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk · doi:10.15270/55-4-757 · Cited by 3
Barani, A., Bafroee, A. S. T., & Jabalameli, L. (2021) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02316-4 · Cited by 3
Kaur, S., Mahajan, S., Sharma, M. L., et al. (2022) · Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development · doi:10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.18627 · Cited by 3
Addiction and relational therapy: an efficacious approach
Bufford, L. G., & Lappan, S. N. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04843-3 · Cited by 4
“…resources of a family unit in aiding recovery, aiding families in seeing how all members contribute to and maintain addictive patterns, and helping to enforce healthy boundaries and accountability for both the family member who has an addiction and other members of a family (Lander et al., 2013).”
Moore, S. M. (2019) · Scholarship & Creative Works - Digital UNC a service of University Libraries (University of Northern Colorado) · Cited by 3
Bhatia, G., Bhagava, R., Chatterjee, B., & Dhawan, A. (2023) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450128.2023.2286375 · Cited by 2
“…in western countries, where family systems are based on individualism and autonomy, while the scarce Indian research on substance use among adolescents is limited to parental substance use and socio-demographic profile (Lander et al., 2013; Van Ouytsel et al., 2018; Van Ryzin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundRatliff, H. C., & Kanter, J. B. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075241254503 · Cited by 2
“…with greater parenting stress (Johnson & Leff, 1999; Staton-Tindall et al., 2013), which can adversely affect parents ’ interactions with their children and, over time, in fl uence children ’ s externalizing behaviors (Borelli et al., 2020; Lander et al., 2013; Staton-Tindall et al., 2013).”
Shifa, J. E., Adams, J., & Demant, D. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06550-8 · Cited by 2
“Genetic predispositions and adverse social and environmental factors may explain this condition, which disrupts family dynamics and increases stress [88, 89].”
Schneider, J. A., Smith, L. R., Bouris, A. M., Oser, C. B., Pho, M. T., Boodram, B., Minardi, S., Hondal, E. T., Ozik, J., Taylor, B. G., et al. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100428 · Cited by 2
“While potentially appropriate for adolescents and children, a priori determination of social support based on role may not be appropriate for PWUD/PCLI, who may have fractured relationships with family members or partners (Daley, 2013; Lander et al., 2013).”
Holcomb, L. A., Koob, C., Treado, B., Mayo, R. M., Cartmell, K. B., Barkin, J. L., Dickes, L., & Eichelberger, K. Y. (2025) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-025-01482-9 · Cited by 2
“Many participants recognized their newborns as their primary motivation for recovery, a finding aligned with the concept of modified codependency, where attachment to the child becomes a central driver for sobri - ety (Lander et al., 2013).”
Moving beyond animal models: enriched environments and human substance use disorders
Barillot, L., Chauvet, C., Chauchard, É., Besnier, M., Harika‐Germaneau, G., Noël, X., Jaafari, N., Solinas, M., & Chatard, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1629918 · Cited by 2
Najm, J. A., Sheikh, S. A., Butcher, R. L., Bau, C. E., Paluch, L. V., & Barnett, E. R. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03242-5 · Cited by 2
“Parental SUD can also result in adverse outcomes for the family unit, including strained dynamics, unstable family relationships, and removal of children from the home (Lander et al., 2013).”
Madde bağımlısı bireylerin ve ailelerinin yaşadıkları psikososyal sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri
Ceylan, H. Ç. (2025) · Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi · doi:10.46218/tshd.1672872 · Cited by 2
Lee, J. Y., Pace, G. T., Park, K., Cha, H., Chang, Y., & Xu, A. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107870 · Cited by 2
Samarth, A. B., & Bharti, A. S. (2021) · MVP Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.18311/mvpjms/2021/v8i1/323 · Cited by 2
Where Are the Children?: Addiction Workers’ Knowledge of Clients’ Offspring and Related Risks
Russell, L., Gajwani, R., Turner, F., et al. (2023) · International Journal on Child Maltreatment Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s42448-023-00158-9 · Cited by 2
“…associated with children’s lower educational attainment, relationship difficulties with peers, emotional and behavioral problems, and poorer child well-being (Alati et al., 2013; Forrester & Harwin, 2007; Guille & Aujla, 2019; Kuppens et al., 2020; Lander et al., 2013; Tsantefski et al., 2015).”
Saha, P., Saha, S., Kaloiya, G. S., & Sarkar, S. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_263_23 · Cited by 2
“[1,2] At the same time, it is equally distressing for the family member to see his/her relative suffering from substance dependence.”
Azofeifa, A., Mattson, M. E., Fogarty, K. J., & Lyerla, R. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01137-4 · Cited by 2
“The social environment, including family or friends, is an important component in the individual’s path to treatment and recovery from substance use and dependence (Lander et al., 2013).”
Norona, J. C., Borsari, B., Yalch, M., Baxley, C., Gnys, M., & DeMarce, J. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2287192 · Cited by 2
“On a relational level, in a general population, family members of those with SUDs can experience emotional distance, poor communication, conflict, and physically and emotionally unsafe home environments (Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundNutraceuticals for prevention and management of anxiety
Gupta, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18951-7.00007-4 · Cited by 2
Examining the Experiences of Affected Family Members in Morocco: A Descriptive Study of 64 Cases
Katir, I., & Omari, F. E. (2024) · SAS Journal of Medicine · doi:10.36347/sasjm.2024.v10i02.009 · Cited by 2
Monari, E. N., Booth, R. G., Forchuk, C., & Csiernik, R. (2024) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2024.2331634 · Cited by 2
“…their perceived effects on the lives of immediate family members (spouses, parents, children, and siblings) and others within the larger family unit (grandparent, uncle/aunt) (Henderson, 2020; Lander et al., 2013; McCann et al., 2019; Orford et al., 2010; Shamsaei et al., 2019; Templeton, 2012).”
Addiction Management in Vulnerable Populations
Dave, P. (2024) · Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.22270/hjhs.v9i1.160 · Cited by 2
Trang, N. T., Giang, L. M., Hòe, H. Đ., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104681 · Cited by 2
The Impact of Substance Use and Addiction on Families’ Quality of Life in the Canadian Context
Maina, G., & Jagoe, L. (2024) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65873-0_26 · Cited by 2
Mongan, D., Millar, S., Brennan, M. M., Doyle, A., Galvin, B., & McCarthy, N. D. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107302 · Cited by 2
Barriault, S., Motz, M., Firasta, L., McDowell, H., Labelle, P., Poole, N., & Racine, N. M. (2025) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.70029 · Cited by 2
“In more severe circumstances, substance use may lead to complete disruption of the attachment relationship if parent-child separation occurs (Lander et al., 2013).”
Substance Use Disorders in Correctional Populations
Ternes, M., Goodwin, S. S., & Hyland, K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00452-1_3 · Cited by 3
Braaf, E., Roman, N. V., & Pharaoh, H. (2022) · Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk · doi:10.15270/58-3-1061 · Cited by 2
“The perceptions of parents in particular suggest, as Lander et al. (2013) observe, that SUDs represent a moral failing, and as such the emotional consequences for the parent are experienced in more profound and sensitive ways.”
Jafry, Z., Chui, K. K. H., Stopka, T. J., & Corlin, L. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9091296 · Cited by 2
“regulate their affect—the ways in which one expresses and handles emotions—from their parents/caregivers [9], and oftentimes parents/caregivers with a SUD do not themselves have a regulated affect, a circumstance which might have resulted from (or led to) their disorder [9,15].”
BackgroundResultLee, G., Pasman, E., Ellis, J. D., Solberg, M. A., Hicks, D. L., Agius, E., & Resko, S. M. (2023) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426231165264 · Cited by 2
“These programs should consider expanding their reach to close friends and family members post fatal overdose, and aim to connect these individuals with evidence-based and trauma-informed services such as family therapy (e.g., Lander, Howsare, & Byrne, 2013).”
BackgroundOlan, E. L., & Richmond, K. J. (2023) · Study and Scrutiny Research on Young Adult Literature · doi:10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2023.6.1.21-46 · Cited by 2
“…of dependence needs” is one in which “the child actually begins to parent the parent,” and can lead to “a potential lifetime inability to set healthy boundaries in relationships” ( Lander, Howsare, and Byrne, 2013, p. 199), Hayley also finds herself in the role of caretaker because of her gender.”
BackgroundYoung, B. C., & Lloyd, K. M. (2024) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00938548241292437 · Cited by 2
“Drug dependency can disrupt the family dynamic, make it more difficult to establish secure parent-child attachments, and hinder the parent’s ability to effectively parent (Lander et al., 2013).”
Fishbein, D. H., & Kingston, S. (2021) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1440 · Cited by 1
“These families often reside in resource-poor, stressful environments, which can affect parenting and family contexts and pose a threat to children exposed to unstable lifestyles, violence, and crime.(35) The caregiving environment for these children is more likely to be disorganized and lacking in appropriate stimulat…”
Secondary Traumatic Stress in Teachers and School Communities Impacted by the Opioid Epidemic
Steketee, A. (2020) · Chapman University Digital Commons (Chapman University) · doi:10.36837/chapman.000176 · Cited by 2
Substance Use Disorder Among Low-Income People in the Deep SouthPreprint
Albright, D. L., Suntai, Z., McDaniel, J. T., Johnson, K. A., Henson, H., Robertson, E., & McIntosh, S. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4133118 · Cited by 2
Buabang, E. K., Köster, M., Hogarth, L., & Moors, A. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/79ykb · Cited by 2
Gray, H., Ivory, N., Snowdon, N., Ahmed, K. Y., Thomas, M., & Allan, J. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2025.209867 · Cited by 2
Family-Based Therapy for Children and Adolescents
Tennant, P. S., Chahal, Z., Wolford, S. N., Doskey, E. M., & Miller, S. (2021) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00064-9 · Cited by 3
Developing Personal and Social Life Skills to Protect Children and Youth From Substance Addiction
Şimşek, M., Taçoy, S., & Karasalih, Ş. (2022) · The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.15405/ejsbs.320 · Cited by 1
“However, a variety of psychological, familial, and biological factors play a role in the field of addiction (Lander et al., 2013).”
BackgroundFamily-Based Intervention for Substance Using Parents: Experiences and Resource Use
Fäldt, A. E., Nystrand, C., & Fängström, K. (2022) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315221138070 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Lander, L., Howsare, J., & Byrne, M.
- Affiliations
- West Virginia University (US)
- Venue
- Social work in public health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 194-205
- ISSN
- 1937-190X (ISSN-L)
- 1937-1918
- PMC
- PMC3725219
- OpenAlex
- W2078867900
- Cited by
- 561
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social Work in Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (submittedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- substance use disorders, family impact, children of substance users, family systems theory, attachment theory, family intervention, social work practice
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Child, Psychology, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Family Therapy, Female
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