The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intergenerational consequences of the Holocaust on offspring mental health: a systematic review of associated factors and mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
Exposure to war and violence has major consequences for society at large, detrimental impact on people's individual lives, and may also have intergenerational consequences. To gain more insight into these intergenerational consequences, research addressing the impact of the Holocaust on offspring is an important source of information. The aim of the current study was to systematically review the mechanisms of intergenerational consequences by summarizing characteristics in Holocaust survivors and their offspring suggested to impact the offspring's mental health. We focused on: 1) parental mental health problems, 2) (perceived) parenting and attachment quality, 3) family structure, especially parental Holocaust history, 4) additional stress and life events, and 5) psychophysiological processes of transmission. We identified 23 eligible studies published between 2000 and 2018. Only Holocaust survivor studies met the inclusion criteria. Various parent and child characteristics and their interaction were found to contribute to the development of psychological symptoms and biological and epigenetic variations. Parental mental health problems, perceived parenting, attachment quality, and parental gender appeared to be influential for the mental well-being of their offspring. In addition, having two survivor parents resulted in higher mental health problems compared to having one survivor parent. Also, there was evidence suggesting that Holocaust survivor offspring show a heightened vulnerability for stress, although this was only evident in the face of actual danger. Finally, the results also indicate intergenerational effects on offspring cortisol levels. Clinical and treatment implications are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Across genocide-affected populations, parental exposure has been associated with altered caregiving patterns characterized by overprotection, controlling behaviors, diminished warmth, and role-reversal dynamics (94–97, 100).”
From Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as [94]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As reported by Sangalang and Vang (2017) and as echoed in the broader intergenerational trauma field (Dashorst, Mooren, Kleber, de Jong, & Huntjens, 2019), the reviewed studies were consistent in reporting parent- and family-related variables as the most salient mechanisms of transmission.”
From Crossing borders: a systematic review identifying potential mechanisms of intergenerational trauma transmission in asylum-seeking and refugee families (2020) · cites this paper as Dashorst, Mooren, Kleber, de Jong, & Huntjens, 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Maternal survivor status has been more strongly associated with offspring psychological vulnerability compared to paternal exposure, with dual parental exposure corresponding to the highest reported risk (94).”
From Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as [94]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252
Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Stress
Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004 · Cited by 7,813
Selective Cortical Undercutting As a Means of Modifying and Studying Frontal Lobe Function in Man
Scoville, W. B. (1949) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1949.6.1.0065 · Cited by 7,374
The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048017 · Cited by 6,650
Winnicott, D. W. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203441022 · Cited by 6,634
The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106 · Cited by 5,024
Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale
BERNSTEIN, E. M., & PUTNAM, F. W. (1986) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004 · Cited by 3,793
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 93 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Aromataris E., 2017, Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual
- Griffin D. W., 1994, Journal of Peronality and Social Psychology, 67, 340
- 10.1002/jts.2490010404 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.85 · DOI
- Kellermann N. P., 2008, Israel Journal of Psychiatry & Related Sciences, 45, 263
- Klaassens E. R., 2010, Bouncing back
- Moola S., 2017, Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual
- Moos R. H., 1994, Family environment scale manual
- Spielberger C. D., 1968, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI): Test Manual for Form X
- Spitzer R. L, 1995, Structured clinical interview for axis I DSM-IV disorders (SCID)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 211
Neurodevelopmental Aspects of Suicide
Chatzittofis, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68932-2_1
Cross-Generational Transmission of MLE Strategies
Tzuriel, D. (2021) · Social interaction in learning and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75692-5_14
Simonovska, M. (2020) · Психологија наука и практика/Psychology science and practice · doi:10.37509/psyscip207-8169s
Roberts, A. B., Roberts, N. P., & Bisson, J. I. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198861478.003.0019
Ecological Intervention at the Macro Level
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0013
Ecological Intervention at the Micro Level
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0011
Final Thoughts and Questions for Moving Forward
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0014
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0005
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0003
Systems as Ecological Adversities
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0008
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.002.0007
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0001
Some General Principles of Ecological Intervention
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0010
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0002
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.001.0001
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0004
The Internalization of Adversity
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0009 · Cited by 1
Social Connectedness and Support
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0007
Ecological Intervention at the Meso Level
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0012
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.002.0003
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.003.0006
Sprinson, J., & Berrick, K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197506790.002.0005
9.3 Fazit: Epigenetik als Intra-aktion
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-025
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-022
4.2 Kaati et al.: Mortality determined by (grand-)parents'' nutrition
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-009
2.1 Begriffsursprung und Entwicklung der Epigenetik bei Conrad Waddington
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-004
4.4 Weaver et al.: Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-011
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-017
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-fm
6.1 Zentrale Begriffe und Konzepte bei Barad
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-014
7. Entwicklung eines diffraktiven Apparats
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-016
8.4 Su-Keene et al.: Simulated climate warming modulates testicular RNA expression
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-020
1.1 Theoretische Bezüge und interdisziplinäre Verortung der Arbeit
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-002
2.3 Stress, Trauma, Hunger – Erforschung von Umweltfaktoren in der Epigenetik
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-006
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-toc
4.5 Gapp et al.: Implications of sperm RNAs of the effects of early trauma
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-012
4.3 McGowan et al.: rRNA hypermethylation in suicide brain
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-010
8.2 Gaeini et al.: Preconception endurance training influences female offspring bone
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-018
5. Forschungsfokus: Ambivalente Gleichzeitigkeiten in der Umweltepigenetik
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-013
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-026
9.2 ›responses‹ als Un/Bestimmtheiten
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-024
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-001
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-005
6.2 Zu Barads diffraktiver Methodologie
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-015
8.3 Marty et al.: Deletion of gene cluster enhances anxietyrelated behaviour
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-019
9.1 Mütter als Verschränkungen
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-023
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-027
3. Diskussion der Epigenetik in Geschlechter- und Wissenschaftsforschung
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-007
8.5 Vergleich der Studien anhand des diffraktiven Apparats. Zusammenfassende Ergebnissicherung
Krall, L. (2022) · Gender studies · doi:10.14361/9783839464335-021
Politics of coalition at Standing Rock
Grossman, K. L. (2022) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/94218
Evolutionary Exaptation: Shared Interbrain Activity in Social Communication
Wallace, R. (2023) · SpringerBriefs in evolutionary biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29879-0_8
Kožljan, P. (2023) · Annual of Social Work · doi:10.3935/ljsr.v30i1.515 · Cited by 1
Akinyemi, A. A., Jones, A., Sweeting, J. A., & Holman, E. A. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231200464
Dashorst, P. (2023) · doi:10.33612/diss.803271618
Self-citationSociobehavioral-induced epigenetic variation and psychiatric diseases
Petroff, R., Goodrich, J. M., Bakulski, K. M., & Dolinoy, D. C. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824010-6.00032-0 · Cited by 1
Bortfeld, H., & Bunge, S. A. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108595827.004
Health Consequences of Violence Directed at Children in Iran: Need for Global Health Action
Kabir, A. (2024) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2023.2259298
Mitra-Sarkar, S., Admire, A., & Pfende, K. C. (2024) · Developments in environmental science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21948-1.00030-3
Incorporating Trauma Propagation And Transmission In Agent Based Models: A Preliminary Framework
Bishop, N., & Kavak, H. (2024) · Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference (ANNSIM) · doi:10.23919/annsim61499.2024.10732632
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.09996-8
Prenatal and Early Postnatal Influences on Health
Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., & Kusnecov, A. W. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.00008-9
Antisemitism and Intergenerational Trauma
Cox, C., & Marlowe, D. B. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72771-9_7
Pakkomuuttojen ja vainon kokemisen ylisukupolviset jäljet
Turjanmaa, E. (2025) · Psykologia · doi:10.62443/psykologia.v57i3.112128
Eads, R., Guerrero, X. A., Benavides, J. L., & Shen, L. (2025) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-025-00914-0
Gribble, R., & Bricknell, M. C. M. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394326129.ch13
Participation of child soldiers in armed conflicts: the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Czeszejko-Sochacka, K. (2025) · Przegląd europejski · doi:10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.25.3
Пивина, С. Г., Акулова, В. К., Kholova, G. I., & Ordyan, N. E. (2025) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0022093025040179
Holocaust Survivors and Their Progeny
Maercker, A. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009629744.005
Maercker, A. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009629744.003
Study Protocol: Intrafamily Communication on Mental Disorders (IFACOM)
Tietze, F.-A., Bermpohl, F., Jung, A., Petereit-Zipfel, H., Dreyer, F., Hüetlin, L., & Gutwinski, S. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.166061.1
Cadry, L., Gupta, M., O’Reilly, R., & Raeburn, T. (2025) · Geopsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.geopsy.2025.100035
Criss, M. M., McGehee, A. L., Esparza, K. A., Silk, J. S., & Morris, A. S. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03193-x
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633754
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633739
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633742
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633751
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633748
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633745
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633760
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633757
Kocher, K. M., Bhattacharya, S., Niforatos-Andescavage, N., Almalvez, M., Henderson, D., Vilain, E. J. N., Limperopoulos, C., & Délot, E. C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26633763
Teaching Cultural Competency for Working with Jewish Youth
Gordon, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05137-0_18
Sabawoon, A., Keyes, K. M., Hermosilla, S., Sexton, E. L., Karam, E. G., & Kovess–Masféty, V. (2026) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640251415514
Effect of a 12- year siege on the quality of life of among university students in the Gaza StripPreprint
Elessi, K. A., Afifi, T., & Naqera, K. A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8592382/v1
Intergenerational Trauma in State-Sponsored Child Separations
Tillery, J. F., Elfman, Y. A., Mattix, S., & Bohecker, L. (2026) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.48.1.03
Mew, E. J., Poulin, R., Shabanova, V., Gorman, H., Meadows, M.-C., Bonumwezi, J., Chung, V. D., Hennein, R., Huang, A. Y., Quach, K., et al. (2026) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595261425582
Sirparanta, A. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/01e34829zd16az44abz83d6z94398e631330
39722 Intergenerational Consequences of Armed Conflict
Hubble, T. R., Osrin, D., Wells, J. C. K., & Devakumar, D. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111250144-023
Sadat‐Shirazi, M., Champroux, A., Chen, A., Sakkas, D., Scott, T. M., Mellen, E., Kaija, A., Ryzhova, L., Liaw, L., Hernández, A., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.22.720211
Kožljan, P., Ajduković, M., & Bulat, L. R. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09440-8
Long-term physical health outcomes and mortality in offspring of female child Holocaust survivors
Lubel, S. Y., Dichtiar, R., & Keinan-Boker, L. (2026) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-026-02772-6
Morstead, T., Pawliuk, C., Alati, E., Cohen‐Eilig, M., DeLongis, A., & Oberlander, T. F. (2026) · MethodsX · doi:10.1016/j.mex.2026.103942
A systematic review of Holocaust-related trauma transmission: Exploring systemic trauma
Caviglia, G., Scognamiglio, C., Borrelli, G., Donnarumma, M., Mariano, L., & Perrella, R. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.05.002
Geng, F., Guo, R., Xiong, X., & Wang, J. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121973
Kaur, S., Starrs, C. J., & Békés, V. (2026) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2026.2673515
Youssim, I., Israel, S., Calderon‐Margalit, R., Manor, O., Paltiel, O., Shapiro, I., Siscovick, D. S., Friedlander, Y., Malaspina, D., & Hochner, H. (2026) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20241145
Larson, D. O., Sarto‐Jackson, I., & Fischer, B. (2026) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-026-00536-9
Metadata
- Authors
- Dashorst, P., Mooren, T. M., Kleber, R. J., de Jong, P. J., & Huntjens, R. J. C.
- Affiliations
- Foundation Centrum '45 (NL)
- Stichting Centrum’45/partner in Arq, Diemen, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Dashorst, Patricia
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-08-30
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1654065-1654065
- ISSN
- 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6720013
- OpenAlex
- W2970356242
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Family Process Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- Holocaust survivors, intergenerational transmission, offspring mental health, parental mental health, perceived parenting, attachment quality, family structure, parental gender, epigenetics, cortisol, stress vulnerability, war trauma
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
