Authenticity and Love Drugs: Insights from Psychedelic Therapy
Open accessAbstract
In “Prescription for Love: An Experimental Investigation of Laypeople’s Relative Moral Disapproval of Love Drugs,” Lantian, Boudesseul, and Cova (2024) explore the moral implications of hypothetical romantic love-enhancing biotechnological interventions. Their study reveals “love drugs” (LDs) are viewed as less acceptable than psychological therapy due to the perceived inauthenticity of the resulting feelings. This highlights the importance of authenticity and naturalness in moral evaluations of emotion. However, we suggest the distinction between organic and artificial experiences is less clear than it seems, and that humans can draw meaning from many situations. Drawing parallels with psychedelic-assisted therapy, we propose emotions from LDs could also be meaningful and authentic, if they foster long-term positive change and align with personal beliefs and desires. Feelings we characterize as natural are also shaped by external stimuli that influence brain function. Where LDs can support transformative, meaningful experiences, they should not be viewed as immoral.
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This commentary argues that moral disapproval of love drugs based on inauthenticity is too narrow, because authenticity can involve meaningfulness and alignment with one’s beliefs and desires rather than purely natural origins. Drawing parallels to psychedelic-assisted therapy, it proposes love drugs could be authentic and morally permissible when they support lasting, transformative meaning and therapeutic benefit.
Key findings
- The paper argues the organic/artificial distinction is unclear: feelings considered natural are shaped by external stimuli and brain chemistry, and psychedelics are artificially induced yet can produce meaningful, authentic experiences.
- It proposes emotions from love drugs can be authentic if they persist beyond drug use and continue to influence desires, motives, beliefs, and actions in positive ways; meaning can be derived from many sources.
- It recommends evaluating love drugs like psychedelic-assisted therapy: as tools for transformative experiences and by therapeutic potential (e.g., alleviating suffering, improving well-being), not as ends in themselves.
- No original numerical findings are reported; cited examples include psilocybin treatment described as among the most meaningful experiences and improved relationships after MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD.
Methods
- Conceptual/argumentative commentary, not an empirical study; no sample or original data.
- It responds to Lantian, Boudesseul, and Cova (2024) on laypeople’s moral disapproval of love drugs and draws parallels with literature on psychedelic-assisted therapy.
- Main analysis is normative/conceptual: examines authenticity, meaning-making, and transformative experience to argue love drugs should be judged by therapeutic benefit.
Limitations
- The authors state the work remains speculative given the current lack of empirical research on love drugs, and they do not seek to comment on clinical evidence or efficacy surrounding psychedelic therapy.
- The paper notes validity concerns in psychedelic science (van Elk and Fried 2023) but does not resolve them.
- Evident from the text: the argument relies on analogy to psychedelics and cited findings, with no direct empirical test of love drugs’ authenticity, meaning, or therapeutic outcomes.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
14 of 17 cited sources checked · 9 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Interpretationcitation
Feelings from a substance are not inauthentic where the meaning derived can continue to influence and help the person beyond the use of the drug.
“we suggest this is not the case where the meaning derived can continue to influence and help the person beyond the use of the drug, as studies have indicated (Griffiths et al. 2008;Lebedev et al. 2016).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim2 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Psilocybin treatment has been described as one of the most meaningful experiences in the lives of participants of several studies.
“psilocybin treatment has been described as one of the most meaningful experiences (Griffiths et al. 2008;Smith and Sisti 2020) in the lives of participants of several studies.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim2 of 2 sources checked- cites Griffiths et al. 2008 source
The Results and Comment report that 58% of volunteers rated their psilocybin-session experience among the five most personally meaningful of their lives. This supports the meaningful-experience claim, but the study involved hallucinogen-naïve volunteers in a laboratory session, not patients receiving psilocybin treatment. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites Smith and Sisti 2020 source
- Premisecitation
Psychedelic experiences in clinical settings are often characterized as highly meaningful.
“Psychedelic experiences in clinical settings are often characterized as highly meaningful.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 2 sources checked- cites Griffiths et al. 2008 source
The Comment section reports that many volunteers rated their psilocybin experience among the most personally meaningful of their lives. The Methods and Comment sections describe a supported, laboratory-based study of healthy volunteers, not psychedelic experiences across clinical settings generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites Smith and Sisti 2020 source
- Premisecitation
Lantian, Boudesseul, and Cova (2024) found that love drugs are viewed as less acceptable than psychological therapy due to the perceived inauthenticity of the resulting feelings.
“Their study reveals “love drugs” (LDs) are viewed as less acceptable than psychological therapy due to the perceived inauthenticity of the resulting feelings.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Lantian, Boudesseul, and Cova (2024) source
The General Discussion reports that participants judged love drugs more morally objectionable than psychological therapy for rekindling romantic feelings. It says Study 2 suggests perceived inauthenticity partly explains the difference, whereas the claim presents it as an unqualified explanation; perceived intensity and durability also contributed. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
External factors change the ways our brains operate, including neuronal structures and functions, as indicated by neuroplasticity studies.
“while these same external factors change the ways our brains operate, including neuronal structures and functions, as indicated by studies into neuroplasticity (Fuchs and Flügge 2014;Cramer et al. 2011).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 2 sources checked
- Premisecitation
Human ability to meaningfully relate and authentically appreciate experiences is contingent on myriad factors of everyday life.
“human ability to meaningfully relate and to authentically appreciate experiences is contingent on myriad factors of everyday life”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Hartogsohn 2018 source
- Premisecitation
Study participants have reported improved relationships following MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD.
“Study participants have also reported improved relationships following MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD (Jerome et al. 2020).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Jerome et al. 2020 source
- Interpretationreasoning
Emotions following the use of love drugs could be authentic in the sense of being meaningful to persons who undergo such an experience, by being a significant event from which one can learn and be inspired, thus influencing beliefs and desires.
“Emotions following the use of LDs could be authentic in the sense of being meaningful to persons who undergo such an experience, i.e., by being a significant event, from which one can learn and be inspired, thus influencing beliefs and desires.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
- Interpretationreasoning
Feelings resulting from love drugs could be authentic, particularly where these persist beyond the use of the drugs.
“Thus, we argue that, similarly to the case of psychedelics, feelings resulting from LDs could be authentic, particularly where these persist beyond the use of the drugs”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
- Rests on an assumption: The human brain operates on substances that bear chemical resemblance to psychedelics or those that could be used in love drugs.
- Interpretationcitation
Meaningful experiences can help facilitate emotional and psychological insights, which individuals can integrate into their understanding of themselves and their relationships.
“These meaningful experiences can help facilitate emotional and psychological insights, which individuals can integrate into their understanding of themselves and their relationships.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Feelings we think of as organic implicitly entail external influences, which our brains are susceptible to, whether social factors or artificial substances.
“In addition, feelings we think of as organic implicitly entail external influences, which our brains are susceptible to, whether social factors or artificial substances.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The human brain operates on substances that bear chemical resemblance to psychedelics or those that could be used in love drugs.
- Interpretationreasoning
A number of the moral problems surrounding the use of love drugs, including authenticity, have their counterpart in psychedelic therapy research.
“We have argued that a number of the moral problems surrounding the use of LDs, including the issue of “authenticity” have their counterpart in the more explored area of psychedelic therapy research.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
- Interpretationreasoning
The distinction between organic and artificial feelings may not be obvious where the substances used to engineer feelings function similarly to existing natural processes of our brains.
“and that the distinction between organic and artificial feelings may not be so obvious, where the substances used to “engineer” feelings, function in a similar way to the existing natural processes of our brains.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The human brain operates on substances that bear chemical resemblance to psychedelics or those that could be used in love drugs.
- Interpretationreasoning
The organic view of love fails to account for the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to our emotional lives.
“Such a view fails to account for the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to our emotional lives”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Emotions need not be organic to be meaningful and aligned with a person's self.
“However, emotions need not be organic to be meaningful and aligned with a person's self.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The distinction between organic and artificial experiences is less clear than it seems.
“we suggest the distinction between organic and artificial experiences is less clear than it seems”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- May combine two claims. 8
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 18
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPsychedelic-assisted therapy has been shown to enhance perceptions and ability to find meaning in one's life and lead to positive alterations of the self, despite being artificially induced.
“Psychedelic-assisted therapy has been shown to enhance perceptions and ability to find meaning in one's life (Smith and Sisti 2020), while leading to positive alterations of the self (Baggott et al. 2016), despite being artificially induced.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 2 sources checked- cites Smith and Sisti 2020 source
In “Personality Change and Neurobiology of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy” (page unavailable), Smith and Sisti report that most subjects in several studies ranked psilocybin treatment among the most meaningful events of their lives and describe changed perceptions of connection. This supports the claim about meaningful experiences, but does not establish an enhanced ability to find meaning in life. The separate claim about positive alterations of the self is cited to Baggott et al., not to Smith and Sisti. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites Baggott et al. 2016 source
The Abstract reports that MDMA positively altered participants’ evaluation of themselves by increasing feelings of authenticity. But the study tested MDMA in healthy volunteers in a controlled setting, not psychedelic-assisted therapy; it therefore does not establish that therapy leads to those changes. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationPsychedelics have been described as tools to support transformative experiences.
“Psychedelics have been described as such tools (Ibid.).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Villiger 2024 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
InterpretationreasoningLove drugs could present a therapeutic opportunity for individuals suffering from depression or anxiety following relationship issues, particularly where leaving a relationship is not a viable option.
“For instance, LDs could present a therapeutic opportunity for individuals suffering from depression or anxiety following relationship issues, particularly in instances where leaving a relationship is not a viable option.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Interpretationnone givenThe concern for authenticity in the use of love drugs reflects broader anxieties about the ethics of artificial pharmacological intervention in individual lives.
“The concern for authenticity in the use of LDs reflects broader anxieties about the ethics of “artificial” pharmacological intervention in individual lives.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenLove drugs, like psychedelics, can offer pathways to improve our lives and sustain authentic connections.
“If LDs, like psychedelics, can offer pathways to improve our lives and sustain authentic connections”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningIt is plausible love drugs could help individuals create meaning and reflect on their relational experiences, potentially strengthening emotional bonds.
“It is plausible LDs could similarly help individuals create meaning and reflect on their relational experiences, potentially strengthening emotional bonds.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenFeelings solely felt under the influence of a substance are to a degree inauthentic.
“While it is more defendable that feelings solely felt under the influence of a substance are to a degree inauthentic”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
InterpretationreasoningAlignment and meaningfulness make it possible to integrate a lived experience into one's life narrative.
“Such alignment and meaningfulness make it possible to integrate a lived experience into one's life narrative.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningEmotions from love drugs could be meaningful and authentic if they foster long-term positive change and align with personal beliefs and desires.
“we propose emotions from LDs could also be meaningful and authentic, if they foster long-term positive change and align with personal beliefs and desires.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
InterpretationreasoningPsychedelics are only means to a therapeutic goal of supporting long-term emotional and psychological well-being.
“Yet they are only means to a therapeutic goal: supporting long-term emotional and psychological well-being.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningWhere meaning continues to influence persons beyond the experience in positive ways, shaping their desires, motives or beliefs and the actions that follow from them, these should be viewed as authentic.
“Where this meaning continues to influence persons beyond the experience in positive ways, shaping their desires, motives or beliefs and the actions that follow from them, these should be viewed as authentic.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningLove drugs could contribute to the creation of meaningful experiences, which ought to be seen as authentic.
“we have suggested that, like psychedelics, these could contribute to the creation of meaningful experiences, which ought to be seen as authentic.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenHumans can draw meaning from many situations.
“and that humans can draw meaning from many situations.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningTherapy and the drugs that support it are not ends in themselves but tools to support transformative experiences.
“Therapy and the drugs that support it, are not ends in themselves.Rather, they should be understood as tools to support transformative experiences.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationFor a person's actions or emotions to be authentic, they should be aligned with desires, motives, ideals or beliefs that are theirs and be meaningful to them.
“For a person's actions or emotions to be authentic, these should be aligned with desires, motives, ideals or beliefs that are theirs (Ibid.)and be meaningful to them.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Varga and Guignon 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenFeelings we characterize as natural are also shaped by external stimuli that influence brain function.
“Feelings we characterize as natural are also shaped by external stimuli that influence brain function.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenThe view that authentic emotions must be natural and unmediated by external influences is too narrow.
“We suggest this is too narrow a view of what constitutes authentic emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenMeaning can be derived from many sources beyond natural ones, in turn influencing our beliefs and the way we act.
“If we accept meaning can be derived from many sources beyond “natural” ones, in turn influencing our beliefs and the way we act”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
InterpretationcitationThe perceived inauthenticity of feelings from love drugs highlights the importance of authenticity and naturalness in moral evaluations of emotion.
“This highlights the importance of authenticity and naturalness in moral evaluations of emotion.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPsychedelic use can help individuals break through emotional barriers, confront past traumas, and develop a deeper sense of self-awareness and connection with others.
“Their use can help individuals break through emotional barriers, confront past traumas, and develop a deeper sense of self-awareness and connection with others (Watts et al. 2017;Carhart-Harris et al. 2018).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Watts et al. 2017 source
- cites Carhart-Harris et al. 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningLove drugs should be seen as facilitators of transformative experiences supporting future authentic and meaningful connections.
“So too should LDs be seen as facilitators of such transformative experiences supporting future authentic and meaningful connections.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
The paper relies on this without support.
The analogy between love drugs and psychedelic-assisted therapy is sufficiently strong that conclusions about authenticity and therapeutic value from psychedelics transfer to love drugs.
“Drawing parallels with psychedelic-assisted therapy, we propose emotions from LDs could also be meaningful and authentic”
The paper relies on this without support.
The human brain operates on substances that bear chemical resemblance to psychedelics or those that could be used in love drugs.
“Our brains operate on substances, e.g., serotonin, many of which bear chemical resemble to psychedelics or those that could be used in LDs.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Cited works that were retracted
Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.
Cites a retracted work: 10.1007/s00213-020-05548-2
MajorThe cited work was retracted on 2024-08-10 (notice 10.1007/s00213-024-06665-y), before this paper was published (2025-06-16). Its authors could have known.
Cited work 10.1007/s00213-020-05548-2 · retracted 2024-08-10 · notice 10.1007/s00213-024-06665-y · this paper published 2025-06-16
“10.1007/s00213-020-05548-2”
Cites
1 retracted
Jerome, L., Feduccia, A. A., Wang, J. B., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., Mithoefer, M. C., & Doblin, R. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05548-2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
RetractedStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2009
Loy, M. (2015) · doi:10.18665/sr.22353 · Cited by 2,465 · see citing works
Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications
Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O'Brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., Rumsey, J. M., Hicks, R., Cameron, J., Chen, D., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr039 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Griffiths, R., Richards, W., Johnson, M., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108094300 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Watts, R., Day, C., Krzanowski, J., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. (2017) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167817709585 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Adult neuroplasticity: more than 40 years of research
Fuchs, E., & Flügge, G. (2014) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2014/541870 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
LSD‐induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change
Lebedev, A. V., Kaelen, M., Lövdén, M., Nilsson, J., Feilding, A., Nutt, D. J., & Carhart‐Harris, R. L. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23234 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Psychedelics and connectedness
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzøe, D., Haijen, E. C. H. M., Kaelen, M., & Watts, R. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4701-y · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Hartogsohn, I. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00129 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Ethics and ego dissolution: the case of psilocybin
Smith, W. R., & Sisti, D. (2021) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106070 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
History repeating: guidelines to address common problems in psychedelic science
van Elk, M., & Fried, E. I. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253231198466 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Baggott, M. J., Coyle, J. R., Siegrist, J. D., Garrison, K. J., Galloway, G. P., & Mendelson, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115626348 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Wells, A., Fernandes, M. T. C. F., & Reynolds, L. (2024) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2023.00294 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Giving Consent to the Ineffable
Villiger, D. (2024) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-024-09545-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lantian, A., Boudesseul, J., & Cova, F. (2024) · AJOB Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/21507740.2024.2326923 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Varga, S. (2014) · The Encyclopedia of Political Thought · doi:10.1002/9781118474396.wbept0062 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
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- Authors
- Thomas, O., & Silva, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Independent Researcher
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, Owen
- ORCID
- Silva, Francisca
- Venue
- AJOB Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2025-06-16
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-71
- ISSN
- 2150-7740 (ISSN-L)
- 2150-7759
- OpenAlex
- W4411344910
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- AJOB Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- moral disapproval, authenticity, naturalness, psychedelic therapy, romantic love, biotechnology, meaning in life
- MeSH terms
- Emotions, Hallucinogens, Humans, Love, Morals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-11-02.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-11-02.
Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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