Validating the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning for Children With ADHD and Their Typically Developing Peers
Abstract
The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) has been widely used both clinically and in research for measuring executive functioning (EF) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the concurrent validity of the BRIEF (both parent and teacher ratings) compared to performance-based measures of EF in children with ADHD compared to typically developing (TD) children. The authors assessed 20 children with ADHD and 20 TD controls on 4 EF domains-working memory, planning, inhibition, and set shifting-using the BRIEF and performance-based measures of EF. Children (aged 8-12 years old) with ADHD demonstrated more EF impairment than their TD peers on both questionnaire- and performance-based measures. Ratings on questionnaire- and performance-based measures did not uniquely correlate with each other. Questionnaire-based measures were better at discriminating between children with ADHD and TD children, specifically BRIEF parent ratings, and discrimination depended mostly on the Working Memory, Plan/Organize, and Inhibit subscales. The BRIEF has clinical utility for discriminating between children with ADHD and their TD peers; however, some limitations exist for interpretation of the BRIEF, and it should be used with caution in the assessment and diagnosis of ADHD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Parent reports show selectively greater deficits in working memory and inhibition in ADHD.
“selectively greater deficits have been observed in working memory and inhibition for ADHD (Davidson, Cherry, & Corkum, 2015)”
From Data‐driven identification of subtypes of executive function across typical development, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders (2020) · cites this paper as Davidson, Cherry, & Corkum, 2015
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154 · see citing works
Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568 · see citing works
Assessment and Development of Executive Function (EF) During Childhood
Anderson, P. (2002) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724 · Cited by 2,218 · cited 2× · see citing works
“EF is a higher-order cognitive process and is composed of a multitude of complex functions that humans use on a daily basis, such as: planning, response inhibition, mental=cognitive flexibility, working memory, initiation, and set shifting (Anderson, 2002; Silver, 2014).”
BackgroundTEST REVIEW behavior rating inventory of executive function.
Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.6.3.235.3152 · Cited by 1,925 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The BRIEF (Gioia et al., 2000) is a standardized questionnaire of EF.”
BackgroundMethodStroop Color and Word Test: Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses.
Golden, C. J., Golden, C. J., & Golden, C. (1978) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 1,814 · see citing works
Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function
Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. Κ., & Roth, R. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1881-2 · Cited by 1,571 · see citing works
Bull, R., Espy, K. A., & Wiebe, S. A. (2008) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640801982312 · Cited by 1,544 · see citing works
Shunk, A. W., Davis, A. S., & Dean, R. S. (2006) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an1304_9 · Cited by 1,528 · see citing works
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
Smith, D. R. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012058570-0/50008-2 · Cited by 1,416 · see citing works
Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12001 · Cited by 1,381 · cited 13× · see citing works
“Our findings partially supported our hypothesis on which EF constructs would be most important in classifying either TD or ADHD, as consistent with others’ findings (e.g., McCandless & O’Laughlin, 2007; Reddy et al., 2011; Toplak et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBehavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function
Gioia, G., lsquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t73087-000 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Nigg, J. T., Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.025 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Doyle, A. E., Seidman, L. J., Wilens, T. E., Ferrero, F., Morgan, C. L., & Faraone, S. V. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.5.757 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Improving the ecological validity of executive functioning assessment
CHAYTOR, N., SCHMITTEREDGECOMBE, M., & BURR, R. (2006) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2005.12.002 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Mayes, S. D., & Calhoun, S. L. (2007) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040601112773 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Toplak, M. E., Bucciarelli, S. M., Jain, U., & Tannock, R. (2008) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040802070929 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
MCAULEY, T., CHEN, S., GOOS, L., SCHACHAR, R., & CROSBIE, J. (2010) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617710000093 · Cited by 345 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Researchers have also noted that the BRIEF subscales are elevated in individuals with a variety of issues not necessarily specific to ADHD (McAuley et al., 2010).”
BackgroundJEFFERSON, A., PAUL, R., OZONOFF, A., & COHEN, R. (2006) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.03.007 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System
Swanson, J. (2005) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573506295469 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
McCandless, S., & Laughlin, L. O. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054706292115 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Thorell, L. B., Vidal, A. V., Siu, A. F. Y., & Mohammadi, H. (2012) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2012.727792 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Second edition (WIAT-II)
Stavrou, E. (2002) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e537372009-008 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The Diagnostic Utility of Executive Function Assessments in the Identification of ADHD in Children
Holmes, J., Gathercole, S. E., Place, M., Alloway, T. P., Elliott, J. G., & Hilton, K. A. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2009.00536.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Mares, D., McLuckie, A., Schwartz, M., & Saini, M. (2007) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370705200811 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Wu, K. K., Anderson, V. A., & Castiello, U. (2002) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2202_5 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sources of data about children’s executive functioning: Review and commentary
Silver, C. H. (2012) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2012.727793 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Prediction of ADHD in boys and girls using the D-KEFS
Wodka, E. L., Loftis, C. W., Mostofsky, S. H., Prahme, C., Larson, J. M., DENCKLA, M. B., & Mahone, E. M. (2008) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2007.12.004 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Viezel, K., Zibulsky, J., Dumont, R., & Willis, J. O. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Special Education · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese0559 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test®-Third Edition (WIAT®-III)
County, S. B. (2014) · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Reddy, L. A., Hale, J. B., & Brodzinsky, L. K. (2011) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/a0022585 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Factorial validity of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)-Teacher form
Peters, C. D., Algina, J. J., Smith, S. W., & Daunic, A. P. (2011) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2011.594427 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS
Schachar, R. J. (2009) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.con.0000348879.09070.21 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Is Executive Functioning Deficient in ADHD? It Depends on Your Definitions and Your Measures
Barkley, R. A. (2011) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2011.19.4.1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Doing it right: an interdisciplinary model for the diagnosis of ADHD.
McGonnell, M., Corkum, P. V., McKinnon, M., MacPherson, M., Williams, T., Davidson, C., Jones, D. B., & Stephenson, D. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vaidya, C. J., You, X., Mostofsky, S., Pereira, F., Berl, M. M., & Kenworthy, L. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13114 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Tools for the Diagnosis of ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Peterson, B. S., Trampush, J., Brown, M., Maglione, M., Bolshakova, M., Rozelle, M., Miles, J., Pakdaman, S., Yagyu, S., Motala, A., et al. (2024) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-065854 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Krieger, V., & Amador-Campos, J. A. (2018) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2017.1386781 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Shimoni, Engel-Yeger, and Tirosh (2012) reported low to moderate correlations between some scales of the BRIEF parent report (emotion control, working memory, plan, monitor and inhibit) and the Behavior Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children total score (BADS-C; Emslie, Wilson, Burden, Nimmo-Smith, & Wilson,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLoo, S. K., Salgari, G. C., Ellis, A. J., Cowen, J., Dillon, A., & McGough, J. J. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.09.021 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Which Preschool Children With Specific Language Impairment Receive Language Intervention?
Wittke, K., & Spaulding, T. J. (2017) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2017_lshss-17-0024 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Muñoz, M. P., & Filippetti, V. A. (2019) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2019.1660984 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Shum, K. K., Zheng, Q., Chak, G. S., Kei, K. T.-L., Lam, C. W.-C., Lam, I. K.-Y., Lok, C. S. W., & Tang, J. W.-Y. (2020) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2020.1817355 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Parent versus teacher ratings on the BRIEF-preschool version in children with and without ADHD
Schneider, H., Ryan, M., & Mahone, E. M. (2020) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2019.1617262 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Morash-Conway, J., Gendron, M. A., & Corkum, P. V. (2016) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0204-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Many have suggested that none of the assessments can provide a complete picture of the difficulties a child with ADHD experiences (Davidson et al. 2015; Olson et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationViola, A., Balsamo, L. M., Neglia, J. P., Brouwers, P. Y., Ma, X., & Kadan‐Lottick, N. S. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology · doi:10.1097/mph.0000000000000761 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gutiérrez, M., Filippetti, V. A., & Lemos, V. (2021) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2021.1878175 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…demonstrated the existence of low correlations between performance- and rater-based EF measures (see e.g., Camerota et al., 2018; Catale et al., 2013; Conklin et al., 2008; Davidson et al., 2016; Garon et al., 2016; McAuley et al., 2010; Pino Muñoz & Arán Filippetti, 2019; Thorell & Nyberg, 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEgan, K. N., Cohen, L. A., & Limbers, C. A. (2018) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2018.1438896 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Davidson, F., Rusak, B., Chambers, C. T., & Corkum, P. V. (2018) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573518770593 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSymptom profiles and executive function in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder
Hybel, K. A., Mortensen, E. L., Højgaard, D. R. M. A., Lambek, R., & Thomsen, P. H. (2017) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.05.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
McLuckie, A., Landers, A. L., Rowbotham, M., Landine, J., Schwartz, M., & Ng, D. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718756196 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chandler, L., Allam, O., Park, K. E., Smetona, J. T., Gabrick, K. S., Wu, R. T., Morgan, C., Park, S. E., Chapman, L. A., Couture, D. E., et al. (2020) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000006806 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Smith, J. N., Raiker, J. S., Fosco, W. D., Jusko, M. L., Campez, M., Little, K., Mattfeld, A. T., Espinal, K., Sánchez, G. G., Merrill, B. M., et al. (2020) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00665-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wiguna, T., Ismail, R. I., Kaligis, F., Minayati, K., Murtani, B. J., Wigantara, N. A., Pradana, K., Bahana, R., Dirgantoro, B. P., & Nugroho, E. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07571 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Davidson et al. (2016) suggested that executive function should be assessed as a separate diagnostic test in children with ADHD to predict the overall level of behavioral impairment [11].”
BackgroundTest-based versus parent ratings of executive function in pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Negreiros, J., Best, J. R., Yamin, D. F., Belschner, L., Lin, S., & Stewart, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2019.100495 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Maina, R., He, J., Abubakar, A. A., Pérez-Garcı́a, M., Kumar, M., & Wicherts, J. M. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04880-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Dong, M., Liu, L., Qiu, S., Pan, M., Zhou, X., & Qian, Q. (2025) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.31083/ap42712 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Beyond Beyond performance-based executive functions deficit, children with ADHD also exhibit aberrations in scale-based executive function, which affect the management and regulation of daily life behavior [11,12].”
Executive Function, Attention and Autism Symptomatology in School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy
Wotherspoon, J., Whittingham, K., Sheffield, J. K., & Boyd, R. N. (2023) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-023-09905-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Previous research has found ratings measures to be better at discriminating between children with attentional disorders and typically developing peers (Davidson et al., 2016).”
Tallberg, P., Råstam, M., Hallin, A., Perrin, S. G., & Gustafsson, P. (2022) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2022.2093113 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Contrary to CPTs, behavioral rating scales of EF are accepted as an ecologically valid method for assessing the behavioral manifestation of EF (Andersson et al., 2008; Davidson et al., 2016; Gioia et al., 2000, 2002; McAuley et al., 2010; McCandless & O’ Laughlin, 2007; Tan et al., 2018).”
MethodMohammadzadeh, P., Jepsen, J. R. M., Lemvigh, C. K., Rosenberg, J. B., Hernández‐Lorca, M., Sevelsted, A., Vinding, R., Vahman, N., Horner, D., Sørensen, M. E., et al. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725000674 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“BRIEF-2 is validated in children aged 5 – 18 years, showing a high test-retest reliability, and standardized scores derived from normative samples are available (Davidson, Cherry, & Corkum, 2016; Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2010).”
Tallberg, P., Svanberg, K., Hallin, A., Råstam, M., Gustafsson, P., & Perrin, S. G. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“While scores on EF rating scales tend to correlate weakly with performance-based EF tests and have been challenged on their construct validity (16), scores on the BRIEF have been shown to differentiate youth with ADHD from typically developing controls in several studies (14, 17, 19-21)”
BackgroundMeng, L., Li, N., Chen, Q., Yang, S., Yang, S., Lu, J., Lu, J., Xiong, Y., Zhang, R., Xiao, X., et al. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107884 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Is WISC-IV Working Memory Index associated with ADHD symptoms in 7–8-year-olds?
Marinopoulou, M., Hallerbäck, M. U., Bornehag, C.-G., & Billstedt, E. (2023) · Applied neuropsychology. Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2023.2176232 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“BRIEF has been demonstrated to be useful in discriminating between children with ADHD and their typically developing peers (Davidson et al., 2016; Gioia et al., 2002; McCandless & O ’ Laughlin, 2007; Reddy et al., 2011).”
Muñoz, M. M. P., & Filippetti, V. A. (2022) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2022.2156266 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Notably, congruence has not always been found between performance-based measures and ratings of EF (Davidson et al., 2016; Ezpeleta et al., 2015; McAuley et al., 2010).”
BackgroundWiguna, T., Minayati, K., Kaligis, F., Teh, S. D., Krishnandita, M., Fitri, N. M. A., Ismail, R. I., Fasha, A. H., Steven, S., & Bahana, R. (2024) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911241234734 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gutiérrez, M., Filippetti, V. A., & Lemos, V. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01524-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
François-Sévigny, J., & Pilon, M. (2025) · Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence · doi:10.1080/09297049.2025.2545030 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…children (T-score ≥ 65; clinically significant), as well as in those with ADHD, which is consistent with previous research (Brown et al., 2011; Davidson et al., 2016; Fugate et al., 2013; McCandless & O’Laughlin, 2007; Reddy et al., 2011; Sullivan & Riccio, 2007; Toplak et al., 2008; Whitaker…”
Cahill, M. N., Dodzik, P. A., Pyykkonen, B., & Flanagan, K. S. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/s40817-019-00068-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Maina, R., He, J., Abubakar, A. A., Pérez-Garcı́a, M., Kumar, M., & Wicherts, J. M. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1797 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ZONNEVELD, A. K., Serpell, Z. N., Parr, T. L. S., & Ellefson, M. R. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/myr2s · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ZONNEVELD, A. K., Serpell, Z. N., Parr, T. L. S., & Ellefson, M. R. (2022) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13319
Rachel, M., Jia, H., Abubakar, A. A., Perez-Garcia, M., Kumar, M., & Wicherts, J. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26592557
Psychometric validation of the Arabic CHAOS scale for ADHD symptom screening in school-aged children
Alsaber, A. R., Alaslawi, H. A., Alhashem, F., Alballoul, D., Alkandari, A. M., Anbar, A., Alsaeed, S., & Thibaut, J. (2026) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-026-00767-8
“Studies by [10] and [28] further explored the intercorrelations and validity of the BRIEF to assess executive function in children with ADHD.”
Papagianni, E. P., & Theodorou, E. (2026) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/15394492261464057
Uncovering the structure of self-regulation: a network analysis among German primary-school children
Warschburger, P., Busching, R., Gericke, C., Elsner, B., Klein, A. M., & Bondü, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1823651
“An important finding was the connection of the two clusters via a positive association between the questionnaire measures of planning and inhibitory control, which matches previous findings (e.g., Davidson et al., 2016; Gerst et al., 2017).”
- Authors
- Davidson, F., Cherry, K., & Corkum, P.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Corkum, Penny
- Venue
- Applied Neuropsychology: Child
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-06-25
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-137
- ISSN
- 2162-2965 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-2973
- OpenAlex
- W2331108130
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Neuropsychology Child (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- This work was supported by the IWK Health Centre Category A Award under Grant No. 1010015.
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- executive function, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, concurrent validity, performance-based measures, working memory, planning, inhibition, set-shifting, parent ratings, teacher ratings, typically developing children, ADHD diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Parents, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
