The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early androgen effects on interest in infants: Evidence from children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Abstract
Early androgens have been shown to facilitate male‐typical behavior in people, but little attention has been paid to androgen effects on female‐typical behavior. We studied the effects of early androgen on human interest in infants, attempting to extend studies in rodents and primates that indicate that exposure to high levels of androgen in the prenatal and early postnatal periods reduces the expression of maternal behavior in juvenile and adult animals. Parents completed a questionnaire about the behavior of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who had been exposed to high levels of androgens early in life, and their unexposed siblings. As hypothesized, girls with CAH were reported to have less interest in infants than their sisters. These results suggest that early androgens may act to suppress some aspects of female‐typical behavior in people, as in other species, and that sex differences in maternal behavior result, in part, from early hormones.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Compared to age-matched controls, women with CAH have fewer pregnancies and children.”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [657]
In the citing paper
“In a Finnish study, the mean child rate was 0.34 versus 0.91 in the general Finnish female population, and was lower in SW compared to non-SW women (657).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [657]
Citations
Cites
The psychology of sex differences
Maccoby, E. E. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80031-1 · Cited by 5,714
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
D., C. P. (1979) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421932 · Cited by 2,946
How People Make Their Own Environments: A Theory of Genotype Environment Effects
Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x · Cited by 2,895
Temperament: Early Developing Personality Traits
Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. J. (1984) · Research Portal (King's College London) · Cited by 2,164
Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities
Halpern, D. F. (2000) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605290 · Cited by 1,989
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Speiser, P., & White, P. C. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711263172211 · Cited by 1,420
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Speiser, P. W., & White, P. C. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra021561 · Cited by 1,405
Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls: a meta-analysis
Lytton, H., & Romney, D. M. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.267 · Cited by 1,210
Sexual differentiation of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/291610a0 · Cited by 899
Rheingold, H. L. (1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 879
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- 10.2307/1128272 · DOI
- 10.2307/1128681 · DOI
- 10.2307/1129259 · DOI
- 10.2307/1127296 · DOI
- Cole‐Harding , S. , Morstad , A. L. and Wilson , J. R. 1988 . Spatial ability in members of opposite‐sex twin pairs [Abstract] . Behavior Genetics , 18 : 710
- 10.2307/1128228 · DOI
- 10.2307/1129318 · DOI
- 10.1037/0012-1649.15.4.430 · DOI
- 10.2307/1131303 · DOI
- Kinsley , C. H. 1990 . “ Prenatal and postnatal influences on parental behavior in rodents ” . In Mammalian parenting: Biochemical, neurobiological, and behavioral determinants , Edited by: Krasnegor , N. A. and Bridges , R. S. 347 – 372 . New York : Oxford University Press .
- 10.1515/9781503620780-013 · DOI
- Melson , G. F. The role of pets in the development of children's nurturance . Paper presented at the Delta Society Conference . Vancouver, Canada. October .
- 10.2307/1129382 · DOI
- 10.2307/1130899 · DOI
- Rosenblatt , J. S. 1990 . “ Landmarks in the physiological study of maternal behavior with specific reference to the rat ” . In Mammalian parenting: Biochemical, neurobiological, and behavioral determinants , Edited by: Krasnegor , N. A. and Bridges , R. S. 40 – 60 . New York : Oxford University Press .
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ruble, D. N., Martin, C. L., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0314 · Cited by 747
Self-citationCongenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Merke, D. P., & Bornstein, S. R. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66736-0 · Cited by 628
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management
Claahsen - van der Grinten, H. L., Speiser, P. W., Ahmed, S. F., Arlt, W., Auchus, R. J., Falhammar, H., Flück, C. E., Guasti, L., Huebner, A., Kortmann, B. B. M., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab016 · Cited by 556
Chamberlain (2005) · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.11.004 · Cited by 529
Self-citationBerenbaum, S. A. (1999) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.1998.1503 · Cited by 260
Self-citationBerenbaum, S. A., & Bailey, J. M. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020782 · Cited by 238
Self-citationSex differences in the parental behavior of rodents
Lonstein, J. S., & De Vries, G. J. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00036-1 · Cited by 226
Sex differences in rhesus monkey toy preferences parallel those of children
Hassett, J. M., Siebert, E. R., & Wallen, K. (2008) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.03.008 · Cited by 223
Nordenström, A., Servin, A., Bohlin, G., Larsson, A., & Wedell, A. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2001-011531 · Cited by 256
Spatial reasoning in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency
Hampson, E., ROVET, J. F., & Altmann, D. (1998) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565649809540713 · Cited by 189
Berenbaum, S. A., Duck, S. C., & Bryk, K. L. K. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.2.6397 · Cited by 138
Self-citationSexual selection and human life history
Geary, D. C. (2003) · Advances in Child Development and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(02)80039-8 · Cited by 136
Personality and congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Possible effects of prenatal androgen exposure
Mathews, G. A., Fane, B. A., Conway, G. S., Brook, C. G. D., & Hines, M. (2008) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.11.007 · Cited by 122
The Limits to Low Fertility: A Biosocial Approach
Foster, C. (2000) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2000.00209.x · Cited by 121
Lesbian erotic role identification: Behavioral, morphological, and hormonal correlates.
Singh, D. N., Vidaurri, M., Zambarano, R. J., & Jr. Dabbs James, M. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.76.6.1035 · Cited by 119
Measurement of Psychosexual Differentiation
Zucker, K. J. (2005) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-4336-7 · Cited by 115
Men, women and STEM: Why the differences and what should be done?
Stewart-Williams, S., & Halsey, L. G. (2021) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/0890207020962326 · Cited by 117
Strandqvist, A., Falhammar, H., Lichtenstein, P., Hirschberg, A. L., Wedell, A., Norrby, C., Nordenskjöld, A., Frisén, L., & Nordenström, A. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3326 · Cited by 111
Sex differences in social cognition: the case of face processing
Proverbio, A. M. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23817 · Cited by 110
What Causes Low Rates of Child-Bearing in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.6.5718 · Cited by 110
Sex differences in interest in infants across the lifespan
Dario Maestripieri, A., & Pelka, S. (2002) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-002-1018-1 · Cited by 108
Thornton, J., Zehr, J. L., & Loose, M. D. (2009) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.03.015 · Cited by 105
Psychological adjustment in children and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Berenbaum, S. A., Bryk, K. L. K., Duck, S. C., & Resnick, S. M. (2004) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.03.037 · Cited by 103
Self-citationFisher, A. D., Ristori, J., Fanni, E., Castellini, G., Forti, G., & Maggi, M. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0482-0 · Cited by 100
Sex differences in the social brain and in social cognition
Proverbio, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24787 · Cited by 88
Gender role behavior in children with XY karyotype and disorders of sex development
Jürgensen, M., Hiort, O., Holterhus, P., & Thyen, U. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.01.001 · Cited by 87
Sex Steroids and Variants of Gender Identity
Meyer‐Bahlburg, H. F. L. (2013) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.05.011 · Cited by 86
Evolved sex differences and occupational segregation
Browne, K. R. (2006) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.349 · Cited by 89
Gender-Typed Play and Amniotic Testosterone.
Knickmeyer, R. C., Wheelwright, S. J., Taylor, K., Raggatt, P. R., Hackett, G. A., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2005) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.3.517 · Cited by 78
Berenbaum, S. A. (2006) · Annual Review of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/10532528.2006.10559835 · Cited by 76
Self-citationPrenatal exposure to sex steroid hormones and behavioral/cognitive outcomes
Manson, J. E. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.07.010 · Cited by 74
COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Berenbaum, S. A. (2001) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(08)70025-2 · Cited by 71
Self-citationThe endocrinology of human caregiving and its intergenerational transmission
Bos, P. A. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000973 · Cited by 71
Sexual Differentiation of Human Brain and Behavior
Hines, M. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012532104-4/50072-x · Cited by 63
Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (2002) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0621-8_12 · Cited by 60
Emotions, stress, and maternal motivation in primates
Dario Maestripieri, A. (2010) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.20882 · Cited by 60
Anxiety, Sex-Linked Behaviors, and Digit Ratios (2D:4D)
Evardone, M., & Alexander, G. M. (2007) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9260-6 · Cited by 60
Sexual Differentiation of Behaviour in Monkeys: Role of Prenatal Hormones
Wallen, K., & Hassett, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01832.x · Cited by 55
Maestripieri, D., & Roney, J. R. (2006) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.006 · Cited by 51
Hines, M. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy320 · Cited by 51
Wong, W. I., Pasterski, V., Hindmarsh, P. C., Geffner, M. E., & Hines, M. (2012) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9997-4 · Cited by 53
Gonadal Hormones and Sexual Differentiation of Human Brain and Behavior
Hines, M. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00059-0 · Cited by 51
Sex differences in interest in infants in juvenile rhesus monkeys: relationship to prenatal androgen
Herman, R. A., Measday, M. A., & Wallen, K. (2003) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(03)00067-9 · Cited by 49
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Classification of Studies Employing Psychological Endpoints
Stout, S. A., Литвак, М. М., Robbins, N. M., & Sandberg, D. E. (2010) · International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2010/191520 · Cited by 56
Self-Reported Sexual Arousability in Women with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Zucker, K. J., Bradley, S. J., OLIVER, G., Blake, J. M., FLEMING, S., & Hood, J. E. (2004) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926230490465109 · Cited by 39
Deady, D. K., Smith, M. J. L., Sharp, M. A., & Al-Dujaili, E. A. S. (2006) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.01.009 · Cited by 35
Jürgensen, M., Kleinemeier, E., Lux, A., Steensma, T. D., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Hiort, O., & Thyen, U. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2010.095 · Cited by 35
Long, D. N., Wisniewski, A. B., & Migeon, C. J. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2004.17.10.1367 · Cited by 34
Berenbaum, S. A. (1998) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565649809540708 · Cited by 35
Self-citationPostnatal testosterone levels and disorder relevant behavior in the second year of life
Saenz, J., & Alexander, G. M. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.011 · Cited by 30
Psychosexual development in individuals who have female pseudohermaphroditism
Hines, M. (2004) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2004.02.013 · Cited by 30
Height in women predicts maternal tendencies and career orientation
Deady, D. K., & Smith, M. J. L. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.014 · Cited by 28
Howlett, C., Setchell, J. M., Hill, R. A., & Barton, R. A. (2014) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-014-1817-5 · Cited by 26
Gender Development in Gender Diverse Children
deMayo, B., Jordan, A. E., & Olson, K. R. (2022) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121020-034014 · Cited by 32
Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction
Boggio, P. S., Wingenbach, T. S. H., Coêlho, M. L. D. S., Comfort, W. E., Marques, L. M., & Alves, M. V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08651-9 · Cited by 23
Gonadal Hormones and Sexual Differentiation of Human Brain and Behavior
Hines, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00103-6 · Cited by 19
Sexual Differentiation and the Neuroendocrine Hypothesis of Autism
Aiello, T. P., & Whitaker‐Azmitia, P. M. (2011) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.21251 · Cited by 17
The Seeds of Career Choices: Prenatal Sex Hormone Effects on Psychological Sex Differences.
Berenbaum, S. A., & Resnick, S. M. (2007) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11546-012 · Cited by 17
Self-citationBiological and evolutionary contributions to developmental sex differences
Byrd‐Craven, J., & Geary, D. C. (2007) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60545-7 · Cited by 15
Prenatal Androgens and Sexual Differentiation of Behavior
Berenbaum, S. A. (2002) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-156-5_13 · Cited by 15
Self-citationInozemtseva, O., Matute, E., & Juárez, J. (2008) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073808315618 · Cited by 14
Psychological Outcome in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Berenbaum, S. A. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1230-0_19 · Cited by 14
Self-citationBerenbaum, S. A., & Bryk, K. L. K. (2008) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11706-009 · Cited by 10
Self-citationGendered Behavior Across the Life Span
Hines, M. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470880166.hlsd002010 · Cited by 9
Sex Differences in Social Cognition
Proverbio, A. M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08651-9_6 · Cited by 7
Evolutionary Psychology and Sex Differences in Workplace Patterns
Browne, K. R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92784-6_4 · Cited by 6
Brain Biology and Gendered Discourse
Case, S. S., & Oetama-Paul, A. (2014) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12040 · Cited by 7
Development and Validation of the Pregnancy and Infant Orientation Questionnaire
Meyer‐Bahlburg, H. F. L., Dolezal, C. L., Johnson, L. L., Kessler, S. J., Schober, J. M., & Zucker, K. J. (2009) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490903244567 · Cited by 4
Psychological gender development in individuals born with ambiguous genitalia
Hines, M. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527036.038 · Cited by 3
Psychological Evaluation of Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Athanasiadis, L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82591-1_10 · Cited by 2
Trager, R., & Barnhart, J. N. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.001.0001 · Cited by 2
Beltz, A. M., Portengen, C. M., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2024) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12520 · Cited by 1
Self-citationIntroduction to Biological and Psychobiological Aspects of PCOS
Barry, J. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30290-0_1 · Cited by 1
RECENT DECREASING TREND IN U.S. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHANGES IN MATERNAL AGE
Orlebeke, J. F. (2001) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.399 · Cited by 1
Evardone, M. (2007) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) · Cited by 1
Fakultet, M. (2006)
Supporting Families with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Encouraging Whole Family Health
Kraft, K. A. (2014) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
AGGRESSION AND INTEREST IN INFANTS IN WOMEN WITH COMPLETE ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME
Barcousky, S. E. (2010)
Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Berenbaum, S. A. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0014
Self-citationTaxonomies of Intersexuality to the 1950s
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-002
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-001
Wanting and Deciding What Is Best
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-007
The Intersex Body in the World
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-009
From Socialization to Hardwire
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-004
Growing Up under the Medical Gaze
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-008
Boy or Girl? Bodies of Mixed Evidence and Gender Assignment
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-005
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-011
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-006
Complicating Sex, Routinizing Intervention
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-003
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-010
(2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389217-012
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.005.0001
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0001
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0008
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0005
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0006
Do Women Leaders Spell the End of War?
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0006
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0004
Women and War in the Modern Era
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0007
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0008
Metadata
- Authors
- Leveroni, C. L., & Berenbaum, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Finch University of Health Sciences
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
- ORCID
- Berenbaum, Sheri A.
- Venue
- Developmental Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 321-340
- ISSN
- 1532-6942 (ISSN-L)
- 8756-5641
- OpenAlex
- W2012381305
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia, maternal behavior, sex differences, prenatal hormones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review