Cited by 269Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Idiopathic Chronic Sleep Onset Insomnia in Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

Van der Heijden, Kristiaan B., Smits, Marcel G., Someren, Eus J.W. Van, Boudewijn Gunning, W.·2005·Chronobiology International

DOI 10.1081/cbi-200062410

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Abstract

To investigate whether ADHD-related sleep-onset insomnia (SOI) is a circadian rhythm disorder, we compared actigraphic sleep estimates, the circadian rest-activity rhythm, and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in ADHD children having chronic idiopathic SOI with that in ADHD children without sleep problems. Participants were 87 psychotropic-medication-naïve children, aged 6 to 12 yrs, with rigorously diagnosed ADHD and SOI (ADHD-SOI) and 33 children with ADHD without SOI (ADHD-noSOI) referred from community mental health institutions and pediatric departments of non-academic hospitals in The Netherlands. Measurements were 1 wk, 24 h actigraphy recordings and salivary DLMO. The mean (+/-SD) sleep onset time was 21:38 +/- 0:54 h in ADHD-SOI, which was significantly (p < 0.001) later than that of 20:49 +/- 0:49 h in ADHD-noSOI. DLMO was significantly later in ADHD-SOI (20:32 +/- 0:55 h), compared with ADHD-noSOI (19:47 +/- 0:49 h; p < 0.001). Wake-up time in ADHD-SOI was later than in ADHD-noSOI (p = 0.002). There were no significant between-group differences in sleep maintenance, as estimated by number of wake bouts and activity level in the least active 5 h period, or inter- and intradaily rhythm variability. We conclude that children with ADHD and chronic idiopathic sleep-onset insomnia show a delayed sleep phase and delayed DLMO, compared with ADHD children without SOI.

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Authors: Van der Heijden, K. B., Smits, M. G., Someren, E. J. W. V., & Boudewijn Gunning, W.
Affiliations: Ziekenhuis Gelderse Vallei (NL)
Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID: Smits, Marcel G.
Someren, Eus J.W. Van
Venue: Chronobiology International
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 559-570
ISSN: 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
1525-6073
DOI: 10.1081/cbi-200062410
OpenAlex: W2050905237
Cited by: 269
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 12.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep onset insomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, delayed sleep phase, dim light melatonin onset, circadian rest-activity rhythm, actigraphy, children, sleep timing, wake-up time
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Light, Melatonin, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

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Idiopathic Chronic Sleep Onset Insomnia in Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

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