CDK5RAP2 functions in centrosome to spindle pole attachment and DNA damage response
Open accessAbstract
The centrosomal protein, CDK5RAP2, is mutated in primary microcephaly, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced brain size. The Drosophila melanogaster homologue of CDK5RAP2, centrosomin (Cnn), maintains the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) around centrioles during mitosis. In this study, we demonstrate a similar role for CDK5RAP2 in vertebrate cells. By disrupting two evolutionarily conserved domains of CDK5RAP2, CNN1 and CNN2, in the avian B cell line DT40, we find that both domains are essential for linking centrosomes to mitotic spindle poles. Although structurally intact, centrosomes lacking the CNN1 domain fail to recruit specific PCM components that mediate attachment to spindle poles. Furthermore, we show that the CNN1 domain enforces cohesion between parental centrioles during interphase and promotes efficient DNA damage–induced G2 cell cycle arrest. Because mitotic spindle positioning, asymmetric centrosome inheritance, and DNA damage signaling have all been implicated in cell fate determination during neurogenesis, our findings provide novel insight into how impaired CDK5RAP2 function could cause premature depletion of neural stem cells and thereby microcephaly.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other genes with protein-coding SNCs (NEK6, STARD9/KIF16A and CDK5RAP2) are implicated in the regulation of spindle pole assembly.
“Other genes with protein-coding SNCs (NEK6, STARD9/KIF16A and CDK5RAP2) turn out to be implicated in the regulation of spindle pole assembly as well62–64.”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Towbin, H., Staehelin, T., & Gordon, J. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350 · Cited by 51,421 · see citing works
Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling
Andersen, J. S., Wilkinson, C. J., Mayor, T., Mortensen, P., Nigg, E. A., & Mann, M. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02166 · Cited by 1,319 · see citing works
Mechanism of mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation by taxol at low concentrations.
Jordan, M. A., Toso, R. J., Thrower, D., & Wilson, L. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.20.9552 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Heald, R., Tournebize, R., Blank, T. A., Sandaltzopoulos, R., Becker, P. B., Hyman, A. A., & Karsenti, E. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382420a0 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
Active cyclin B1–Cdk1 first appears on centrosomes in prophase
Jackman, M. R., Lindon, C., Nigg, E. A., & Pines, J. (2003) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb918 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
A Complex of NuMA and Cytoplasmic Dynein Is Essential for Mitotic Spindle Assembly
Merdes, A., Ramyar, K. X., Vechio, J. D., & Cleveland, D. W. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81365-3 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
A centrosomal mechanism involving CDK5RAP2 and CENPJ controls brain size
Bond, J., Roberts, E., Springell, K., Lizarraga, S., Scott, S., Higgins, J. W., Hampshire, D. J., Morrison, E. E., Leal, G. F., Silva, E. O., et al. (2005) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1539 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Centrosome-independent mitotic spindle formation in vertebrates
Khodjakov, A. L., Cole, R. W., Oakley, B. R., & Rieder, C. L. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)00276-6 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Generation of GTP-bound Ran by RCC1 is required for chromatin-induced mitotic spindle formation
Salas, R. E. C., Guarguaglini, G., Gruß, O. J., Segref, A., Karsenti, E., & Mattaj, I. W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/22133 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Identification of microcephalin, a protein implicated in determining the size of the human brain
Jackson, A. P., Eastwood, H., Bell, S. M., Adu, J., Toomes, C., Carr, I. M., Roberts, E., Hampshire, D. J., Crow, Y. J., Mighell, A. J., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/341283 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the neocortex
Wang, X., Tsai, J., Imai, J. H., Lian, W.-N., Vallee, R. B., & Shi, S. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08435 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Taylor, S. S., Ha, E., & McKeon, F. (1998) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.142.1.1 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Aurora-A: the maker and breaker of spindle poles
Barr, A. R., & Gergely, F. V. (2007) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.013136 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Self-citationWoods, C. G., Bond, J., & Enard, W. (2005) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/429930 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Mutations in the Pericentrin ( PCNT ) Gene Cause Primordial Dwarfism
Rauch, A. M., Thiel, C. T., Schindler, D., Wick, U., Crow, Y. J., Ekici, A. B., van Essen, A. J., Goecke, T. O., Al‐Gazali, L., Chrzańowska, K., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1151174 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
An efficient tandem affinity purification procedure for interaction proteomics in mammalian cells
Bürckstümmer, T., Bennett, K. L., Preradovic, A., Schütze, G. A., Hantschel, O. D., Superti‐Furga, G., & Bauch, A. (2006) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth968 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Chan, G. K. T., Jablonski, S. A., Sudakin, V., Hittle, J. C., & Yen, T. J. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.146.5.941 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Heald, R., Tournebize, R., Habermann, A., Karsenti, E., & Hyman, A. A. (1997) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.138.3.615 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Gillingham, A. K., & Munro, S. (2000) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd105 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Centrosome-associated Chk1 prevents premature activation of cyclin-B–Cdk1 kinase
Krämer, A., Mailand, N., Lukas, C., Syljuåsen, R. G., Wilkinson, C. J., Nigg, E. A., Bártek, J., & Lukas, J. (2004) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1165 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Formation of Spindle Poles by Dynein/Dynactin-Dependent Transport of Numa
Merdes, A., Heald, R., Samejima, K., Earnshaw, W. C., & Cleveland, D. W. (2000) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.149.4.851 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
DNA repair deficiency and neurological disease
McKinnon, P. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2559 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Microtubule nucleation at the cis‐side of the Golgi apparatus requires AKAP450 and GM130
Rivero, S., Cardenas, J. M., Bornens, M., & Rios, R. M. (2009) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2009.47 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Lüders, J., Patel, U. K., & Stearns, T. (2005) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1349 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Delgehyr, N., Sillibourne, J., & Bornens, M. (2005) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02302 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Zimmerman, W., Sillibourne, J., Rosa, J., & Doxsey, S. (2004) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e03-11-0796 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Fong, K.-W., Choi, Y.-K., Rattner, J. B., & Qi, R. Z. (2007) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-04-0371 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
The ch-TOG/XMAP215 protein is essential for spindle pole organization in human somatic cellsPreprint
Gergely, F. V., Draviam, V. M., & Raff, J. W. (2003) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.245603 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationThe TACC domain identifies a family of centrosomal proteins that can interact with microtubules
Gergely, F. V., Karlsson, C., Still, I. H., Cowell, J. K., Kilmartin, J. V., & Raff, J. W. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14352 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationFarkas, L. M., & Huttner, W. Β. (2008) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2008.09.008 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Chk1‐deficient tumour cells are viable but exhibit multiple checkpoint and survival defects
Zachos, G., Rainey, M. D., & Gillespie, D. A. (2003) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg060 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
NuMA is required for the organization of microtubules into aster-like mitotic arrays.
Gaglio, T., Saredi, A., & Compton, D. A. (1995) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.131.3.693 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Salas, R. E. C., Gruß, O. J., Mattaj, I. W., & Karsenti, E. (2001) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35060009 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Timothy, L. M., Li, K., Kao, L.-R., & Kaufman, T. C. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.13.2829 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
A Genome-Wide RNAi Screen to Dissect Centriole Duplication and Centrosome Maturation in Drosophila
Dobbelaere, J., Josué, F., Suijkerbuijk, S. J. E., Baum, B., Tapon, N., & Raff, J. W. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060224 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Takahashi, M., Yamagiwa, A., Nishimura, T., Mukai, H., & Ono, Y. (2002) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e02-02-0112 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Haren, L., Stearns, T., & Lüders, J. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005976 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Cep68 and Cep215 (Cdk5rap2) are required for centrosome cohesion
Graser, S., Stierhof, Y., & Nigg, E. A. (2007) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.020248 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Verde, I., Pahlke, G., Michele Salanova, A., Zhang, G., Wang, S. G., Coletti, D., Onuffer, J., Jin, S.-L. C., & Conti, M. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m006546200 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Centrosome amplification induced by DNA damage occurs during a prolonged G2 phase and involves ATM
Dodson, H., Bourke, E., Jeffers, L. J., Vagnarelli, P., Sonoda, E., Takeda, S., Earnshaw, W. C., Merdes, A., & Morrison, C. G. (2004) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600393 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Cooperative mechanisms of mitotic spindle formation
O’Connell, C. B., & Khodjakov, A. L. (2007) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.03442 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Making Microtubules and Mitotic Spindles in Cells without Functional Centrosomes
Mahoney, N. M., Goshima, G., Douglass, A. D., & Vale, R. D. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.053 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Cassimeris, L., & Morabito, J. (2004) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e03-07-0544 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Centrosome cohesion is regulated by a balance of kinase and phosphatase activities
Meraldi, P., & Nigg, E. A. (2001) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.114.20.3749 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Sawin, K. E., Lourenco, P. C., & Snaith, H. A. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.042 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
de Barros, T. P., Kinoshita, K., Hyman, A. A., & Raff, J. W. (2005) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200504097 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
γ-tubulin complexes and microtubule organization
Raynaud‐Messina, B., & Merdes, A. (2006) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2006.12.008 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Msps protein is localized to acentrosomal poles to ensure bipolarity of Drosophila meiotic spindles
Cullen, C. F., & Ohkura, H. (2001) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35083025 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Requirements for NuMA in maintenance and establishment of mammalian spindle poles
Silk, A. D., Holland, A. J., & Cleveland, D. W. (2009) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200810091 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Centrosomal and Cytoplasmic Cdc2/Cyclin B1 Activation Precedes Nuclear Mitotic Events
Souza, C. P. C. D., Ellem, K. A. O., & Gabrielli, B. G. (2000) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4872 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Distinct cell cycle–dependent roles for dynactin and dynein at centrosomes
Quintyne, N. J., & Schroer, T. A. (2002) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200203089 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Heuer, J. G., Li, K., & Kaufman, T. C. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.11.3861 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The Homeotic Target Gene centrosomin Encodes an Essential Centrosomal Component
Li, K., & Kaufman, T. C. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81258-1 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Lucas, E. P., & Raff, J. W. (2007) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200704081 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Chromosome Movement in Mitosis Requires Microtubule Anchorage at Spindle Poles
Gordon, M. B., Howard, L., & Compton, D. A. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.152.3.425 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
DNA damage induces Chk1‐dependent centrosome amplification
Bourke, E., Dodson, H., Merdes, A., Cuffe, L., Zachos, G., Walker, M., Gillespie, D. A., & Morrison, C. G. (2007) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400962 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Takao, N., Kato, H., Mori, R., Morrison, C. G., Sonada, E., Sun, X., Shimizu, H., Yoshioka, K., Takeda, S., & Yamamoto, K.-I. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203172 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Zhang, J., & Megraw, T. L. (2007) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-05-0474 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Microcephalin and pericentrin regulate mitotic entry via centrosome-associated Chk1
Tibelius, A., Marhold, J., Zentgraf, H., Heilig, C. E., Neitzel, H., Ducommun, B., Rauch, A. M., Ho, A. D., Bártek, J., & Krämer, A. (2009) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200810159 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Keryer, G., Witczak, O., Delouvée, A., Kemmner, W. A., Rouillard, D., Taskén, K., & Bornens, M. (2003) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e02-09-0614 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cep72 regulates the localization of key centrosomal proteins and proper bipolar spindle formation
Oshimori, N., Li, X., Ohsugi, M., & Yamamoto, T. S. (2009) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2009.161 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Fong, K.-W., Hau, S.-Y., Kho, Y. S., Jia, Y., He, L., & Qi, R. Z. (2009) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-01-0009 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
DNA Damage-Induced Accumulation of Centrosomal Chk1 Contributes to its Checkpoint Function
Löffler, H., Bochtler, T., Fritz, B., Tews, B., Ho, A. D., Lukas, J., Bártek, J., & Krämer, A. (2007) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.6.20.4810 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
AKAP350 Interaction with cdc42 Interacting Protein 4 at the Golgi Apparatus
Larocca, M. C., Shanks, R. A., Tian, L., Nelson, D. L., Stewart, D. M., & Goldenring, J. R. (2004) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0757 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
MCAK-Independent Functions of ch-Tog/XMAP215 in Microtubule Plus-End Dynamics
Barr, A. R., & Gergely, F. V. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01040-08 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationChapter 2 Studying the Composition and Function of Centrosomes in Vertebrates
Bornens, M., & Moudjou, M. M. (1998) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61973-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Derry, W. B., Wilson, L., & Jordan, M. A. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Centrocortin Cooperates with Centrosomin to Organize Drosophila Embryonic Cleavage Furrows
Kao, L.-R., & Megraw, T. L. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.037 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Recruitment of CG‐NAP to the Golgi apparatus through interaction with dynein–dynactin complex
Kim, H., Takahashi, M., Matsuo, K., & Ono, Y. (2007) · Genes to Cells · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01055.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The centrosome and the DNA damage induced checkpoint
Fletcher, L., & Muschel, R. J. (2006) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.006 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Stearns T. 2009 Centrosome duplication and maturation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.113252 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Centrosome function and assembly in animal cells
Conduit, P. T., Wainman, A., & Raff, J. W. (2015) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm4062 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Centrosomes and cilia in human disease
Bettencourt‐Dias, M., Hildebrandt, F., Pellman, D. S., Woods, G., & Godinho, S. A. (2011) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2011.05.004 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
WDR62 is associated with the spindle pole and is mutated in human microcephaly
Nicholas, A. K., Khurshid, M., Désir, J., Carvalho, O. P., Cox, J. J., Thornton, G., Kausar, R., Ansar, M., Ahmad, W., Verloès, A., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.682 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citationPLK1 phosphorylation of pericentrin initiates centrosome maturation at the onset of mitosis
Lee, K., & Rhee, K. (2011) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201106093 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
The Centrosome and Its Duplication CyclePreprint
Fu, J., Hagan, I., & Glover, D. M. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a015800 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
A primary microcephaly protein complex forms a ring around parental centrioles
Sir, J.-H., Barr, A. R., Nicholas, A. K., Carvalho, O. P., Khurshid, M., Sossick, A., Reichelt, S., D’Santos, C. S., Woods, C. G., & Gergely, F. V. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.971 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationProximity Interactions among Centrosome Components Identify Regulators of Centriole Duplication
Firat‐Karalar, E. N., Rauniyar, N., Yates, J. R., & Stearns, T. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.067 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Conduit, P. T., Feng, Z., Richens, J. H., Baumbach, J., Wainman, A., Bakshi, S., Dobbelaere, J., Johnson, S., Lea, S. M., & Raff, J. W. (2014) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2014.02.013 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The where, when and how of microtubule nucleation – one ring to rule them all
Teixidó-Travesa, N., Roig, J., & Lüders, J. (2012) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.106971 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Centrioles Regulate Centrosome Size by Controlling the Rate of Cnn Incorporation into the PCM
Conduit, P. T., Brunk, K., Dobbelaere, J., Dix, C. I., Lucas, E. P., & Raff, J. W. (2010) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.011 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Tbx5-Hedgehog Molecular Networks Are Essential in the Second Heart Field for Atrial Septation
Xie, L., Hoffmann, A. D., Burnicka-Turek, O., Friedland‐Little, J. M., Zhang, K., & Moskowitz, I. P. G. (2012) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2012.06.006 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Centrosomes as signalling centres
Arquint, C., Gabryjonczyk, A.-M., & Nigg, E. A. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0464 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Small organelle, big responsibility: the role of centrosomes in development and disease
Chavali, P. L., Pütz, M., & Gergely, F. V. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0468 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationHurtado, L., Caballero, C., Gavilán, M. P., Cardenas, J. M., Bornens, M., & Rios, R. M. (2011) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201011014 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Diseases Associated with Defective Responses to DNA DamagePreprint
O’Driscoll, M. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012773 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
A molecular mechanism of mitotic centrosome assembly in Drosophila
Conduit, P. T., Richens, J. H., Wainman, A., Holder, J. W., Vicente, C. C., Pratt, M. B., Dix, C. I., Novak, Z. A., Dobbie, I. M., Schermelleh, L., et al. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.03399 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Loss of centrioles causes chromosomal instability in vertebrate somatic cells
Sir, J.-H., Pütz, M., Daly, O. M., Morrison, C. G., Dunning, M., Kilmartin, J. V., & Gergely, F. V. (2013) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201309038 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationCdk5rap2 exposes the centrosomal root of microcephaly syndromes
Megraw, T. L., Sharkey, J. T., & Nowakowski, R. S. (2011) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2011.04.007 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Structural Basis for Mitotic Centrosome Assembly in Flies
Feng, Z., Caballe, A., Wainman, A., Johnson, S., Haensele, A. F. M., Cottee, M. A., Conduit, P. T., Lea, S. M., & Raff, J. W. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.030 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Microtubule tip-interacting proteins: a view from both ends
Jiang, K., & Akhmanova, A. S. (2010) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2010.08.008 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The centrosome–Golgi apparatus nexus
Rios, R. M. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0462 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Arquint, C., & Nigg, E. A. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.12.016 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins
Kuhlwilm, M., & Boeckx, C. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44877-x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Mitotic spindle (DIS)orientation and DISease: Cause or consequence?
Noatynska, A., Gotta, M., & Meraldi, P. (2012) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201209015 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sepulveda, G., Antkowiak, M., Brust‐Mascher, I., Mahe, K., Ou, T., Castro, N. M., Christensen, L. N., Cheung, L., Jiang, X., Yoon, D. J., et al. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.34959 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
CEP proteins: the knights of centrosome dynasty
Kumar, A., Rajendran, V., Sethumadhavan, R., & Purohit, R. (2013) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/s00709-013-0488-9 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
ALFY-Controlled DVL3 Autophagy Regulates Wnt Signaling, Determining Human Brain Size
Kadir, R., Harel, T., Markus, B., Perez, Y., Bakhrat, A., Cohen, I., Volodarsky, M., Feintsein-Linial, M., Chervinski, E., Zlotogora, J., et al. (2016) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005919 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Pattern formation in centrosome assembly
Mahen, R., & Venkitaraman, A. R. (2012) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2011.12.012 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The centrosome duplication cycle in health and disease
Nigg, E. A., Čajánek, L., & Arquint, C. (2014) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.030 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Never tear us apart – the importance of centrosome clustering
Marthiens, V., Piel, M., & Basto, R. (2012) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.094797 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Berbel, P. J., Navarro, D., & Román, G. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00146 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Chavali, P. L., Chandrasekaran, G., Barr, A. R., Tátrai, P., Taylor, C., Papachristou, E. K., Woods, C. G., Chavali, S., & Gergely, F. V. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationBogoyevitch, M. A., Yeap, Y. Y. C., Qu, Z., Ngoei, K. R. W., Yip, Y. Y., Zhao, T. T., Heng, J. I., & Ng, D. C. H. (2012) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.107326 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Interkinetic nuclear migration: beyond a hallmark of neurogenesis
Kosodo, Y. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-012-0952-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Myomegalin is necessary for the formation of centrosomal and Golgi-derived microtubules
Roubin, R., Acquaviva, C., Chevrier, V., Sedjaï, F., Zyss, D., Birnbaum, D., & Rosnet, O. (2012) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.20123392 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Phase Separation and the Centrosome: A Fait Accompli?
Raff, J. W. (2019) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2019.04.001 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Importance of the CEP215-Pericentrin Interaction for Centrosome Maturation during Mitosis
Kim, S., & Rhee, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087016 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Mutations in CDK 5 RAP 2 cause Seckel syndrome
Yigit, G., Brown, K. E., Kayserili, H., Pohl, E., Caliebe, A., Zahnleiter, D., Rosser, E. M., Bögershausen, N., Uyguner, Z. O., Altunoğlu, U., et al. (2015) · Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1002/mgg3.158 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Cell and Molecular Biology of Microtubule Plus End Tracking Proteins
Gouveia, S. M., & Akhmanova, A. S. (2010) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381047-2.00001-3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A high-content RNAi screen reveals multiple roles for long noncoding RNAs in cell division
Stojic, L., Lun, A. T. L., Mascalchi, P., Ernst, C., Redmond, A. M., Mangei, J., Barr, A. R., Bousgouni, V., Bakal, C., Marioni, J. C., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14978-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationCentrosomes in the DNA damage response—the hub outside the centre
Mullee, L. I., & Morrison, C. G. (2015) · Chromosome Research · doi:10.1007/s10577-015-9503-7 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The balance between KIFC3 and EG5 tetrameric kinesins controls the onset of mitotic spindle assembly
Hata, S., Pastor-Peidro, A., Panić, M., Liu, P., Atorino, E. S., Funaya, C., Jäkle, U., Pereira, G., & Schiebel, E. (2019) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0382-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Centrosomal Linker and Microtubules Provide Dual Levels of Spatial Coordination of Centrosomes
Panić, M., Hata, S., Neuner, A., & Schiebel, E. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005243 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Evidence that a positive feedback loop drives centrosome maturation in fly embryos
Alvarez‐Rodrigo, I., Steinacker, T. L., Saurya, S., Conduit, P. T., Baumbach, J., Novak, Z. A., Aydogan, M. G., Wainman, A., & Raff, J. W. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.50130 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Masuda, H., Mori, R., Yukawa, M., & Toda, T. (2013) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e13-05-0235 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly
Burgess, S. G., Peset, I., Joseph, N., Cavazza, T., Vernos, I., Pfuhl, M. A., Gergely, F. V., & Bayliss, R. W. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationConsequences of Centrosome Dysfunction During Brain Development
Nano, M., & Basto, R. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Centriole-independent mitotic spindle assembly relies on the PCNT–CDK5RAP2 pericentriolar matrix
Watanabe, S., Meitinger, F., Shiau, A. K., Oegema, K., & Desai, A. B. (2020) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202006010 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Centrosomes in spindle organization and chromosome segregation: a mechanistic view
Meraldi, P. (2015) · Chromosome Research · doi:10.1007/s10577-015-9508-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment
Karzbrun, E., & Reiner, O. (2019) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering6010009 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ito, H., Shiwaku, H., Yoshida, C., Homma, H., Luo, H., Chen, X., Fujita, K., Musante, L., Fischer, U., Frints, S. G. M., et al. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.69 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tungadi, E. A., Ito, A., Kiyomitsu, T., & Goshima, G. (2017) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.203703 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cytoskeleton and Golgi-apparatus interactions: a two-way road of function and structure
Egea, G., Serra-Peinado, C., Gavilán, M. P., & Rios, R. (2015) · Cell Health and Cytoskeleton · doi:10.2147/chc.s57108 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Issa, L., Mueller, K., Seufert, K., Kraemer, N., Rosenkötter, H., Ninnemann, O., Buob, M., Kaindl, A. M., & Morris-Rosendahl, D. J. (2013) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/1750-1172-8-59 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
STIL balancing primary microcephaly and cancer
Patwardhan, D., Mani, S., Passemard, S., Gressèns, P., & Ghouzzi, V. E. (2018) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-017-0101-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Centrosomes: The good and the bad for brain development
Marthiens, V., & Basto, R. (2020) · Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1111/boc.201900090 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Shohayeb, B., Lim, N. R., Ho, U. Y., Xu, Z., Dottori, M., Quinn, L. M., & Ng, D. C. H. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0778-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Germ-Line Risk Factors Associated with Canine Mammary Tumours
Melin, M., Rivera, P., Arendt, M. L., Elvers, I., Murén, E., Gustafson, U., Starkey, M., Borge, K. S., Lingaas, F., Häggström, J. U., et al. (2016) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006029 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The material state of centrosomes: lattice, liquid, or gel?
Woodruff, J. B. (2020) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.001 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Emerging roles of centrosome cohesion
Dang, H., & Schiebel, E. (2022) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.220229 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nasser, H., Vera, L., Elmaleh, M., Steindl, K., Létard, P., Teissier, N., Ernault, A., Guimiot, F., Afenjar, A., Moutard, M. L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106474 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Abnormal centrosomal structure and duplication in Cep135-deficient vertebrate cells
Inanç, B., Pütz, M., Lalor, P., Dockery, P., Kuriyama, R., Gergely, F. V., & Morrison, C. G. (2013) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e13-03-0149 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size
Farcy, S., Hachour, H., Bahi‐Buisson, N., & Passemard, S. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12131807 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bettencourt‐Dias, M. (2013) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-11-28 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sukumaran, S. K., Stumpf, M., Salamon, S., Ahmad, I., Bhattacharya, K., Fischer, S., Müller, R., Altmüller, J., Budde, B. S., Thiele, H., et al. (2016) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-016-1277-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
An updated view on the centrosome as a cell cycle regulator
Lin, M., Xie, S., & Chan, K. Y. (2022) · Cell Division · doi:10.1186/s13008-022-00077-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Antonczak, A. K., Mullee, L. I., Wang, Y., Comartin, D., Inoue, T., Pelletier, L., & Morrison, C. G. (2015) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2015.257 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
KOLOBOVA, E. A., Roland, J. T., Lapierre, L. A., Williams, J. A., Mason, T. A., & Goldenring, J. R. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.806018 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Centrosome maturation requires phosphorylation-mediated sequential domain interactions of SPD-5
Nakajo, M., Kano, H., Tsuyama, K., Haruta, N., & Sugimoto, A. (2022) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.259025 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Kerzendorfer, C., Colnaghi, R., Abramowicz, I., Carpenter, G., & O’Driscoll, M. (2013) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.04.016 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mori, Y., Inoue, Y., Tanaka, S., Doda, S., Yamanaka, S., Fukuchi, H., & Terada, Y. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140968 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
New insights into subcomplex assembly and modifications of centrosomal proteins
Habermann, K., & Lange, B. M. H. (2012) · Cell Division · doi:10.1186/1747-1028-7-17 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhou, X., Zhi, Y., Yu, J., & Xu, D. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21051691 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Centrosome function is critical during terminal erythroid differentiation
Tátrai, P., & Gergely, F. V. (2022) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2021108739 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationGräf, R., Grafe, M., Meyer, I., Mitic, K., & Pitzen, V. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10102657 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dialogue between centrosomal entrance and exit scaffold pathways regulates mitotic commitment
Chan, K. Y., Alonso-Nuñez, M. L., Grallert, Á., Tanaka, K., Connolly, Y., Smith, D. L., & Hagan, I. (2017) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201702172 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ohta, S., Mayako, H., Sato, N., & Iyo, T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142798 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Singh, A., Busacca, S., Gaba, A., Sheaff, M. T., Poile, C., Nakas, A., Działo, J., Bzura, A., Dawson, A. G., Fennell, D. A., et al. (2022) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-022-02577-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
He, Y., Shao, Y., Zhou, Z., Li, T., Gao, Y., Liu, X., Yuan, G., Yang, G., Zhang, L., & Li, F. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-024-06908-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Centrioles generate two scaffolds with distinct biophysical properties to build mitotic centrosomes
Wong, S., Monteiro, J. M., Chang, C., Peng, M., Mohamad, N., Steinacker, T. L., Xiao, B., Saurya, S., Wainman, A., & Raff, J. W. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq9549 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
CENP-32 is required to maintain centrosomal dominance in bipolar spindle assembly
Ohta, S., Wood, L., Toramoto, I., Yagyu, K.-I., Fukagawa, T., & Earnshaw, W. C. (2015) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1366 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Centrosomes and mitotic spindle poles: a recent liaison?
Chavali, P. L., Peset, I., & Gergely, F. V. (2015) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20140269 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W., Fu, W., Pan, D., Cai, L., Ye, J., Liu, J., Liu, C., Que, Y., Xia, N., Zhu, H., et al. (2017) · Virologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s12250-017-4048-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Porous nanosheet wrapping for live imaging of suspension cells
Zhang, H., Aoki, T., Hatano, K., Kabayama, K., Nakagawa, M., Fukase, K., & Okamura, Y. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c8tb01943f · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ayed, I. B., Bouchaala, W., Bouzid, A., Feki, W., Souissi, A., Nsir, S. B., Saïd, M. B., Sammouda, T., Majdoub, F., Kharrat, I., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104373 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hu, L., Wainman, A., Andreeva, A. E., Apizi, M., Alvarez‐Rodrigo, I., Wong, S., Saurya, S., Sheppard, D., Cottee, M. A., Johnson, S., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr5744 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Appropriate Mechanical Confinement Inhibits Multipolar Cell Division via Pole-Cortex Interaction
Cheng, L., Li, J., Sun, H., & Jiang, H. (2023) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.13.011036 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Farrell, K., Wang Jennifer, T., & Stearns, T. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.84875 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Roles of Cytoplasmic Dynein During Mitosis
Vaughan, K. T. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382004-4.10020-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Primary microcephaly with an unstable genome
Xu, S., Wu, X., Peng, B., Cao, S., & Xu, X. (2020) · Genome Instability & Disease · doi:10.1007/s42764-020-00020-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tackling centrosome biology through gene targeting in chicken B cells
Chavali, P. L., & Gergely, F. V. (2015) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.03.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationCytoplasmic dynein during mitosis
Hinchcliffe, E. H., & Vaughan, K. T. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809471-6.00019-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kuriyama, R., & Fisher, C. R. (2020) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.240267 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sabbagh, Q., Tharreau, M., Cenni, C., Sanchez, E., Pallarès-Ruiz, N., Alkar, F., Amouroux, C., David, S., Prodhomme, O., Leboucq, N., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104733 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Triple deletion of TP53, PCNT , and CEP215 promotes centriole amplification in the M phase
Jung, G. I., & Rhee, K. (2021) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2021.1950386 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gönenç, I. I., Wolff, A., Schmidt, J., Zibat, A., Müller, C., Cyganek, L., Argyriou, L., Räschle, M., Yigit, G., & Wollnik, B. (2022) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddab373 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Primary cilia as architects of the neocortex: Roles in brain development, function, and microcephaly
Thomsen, O. K., Fialová, J. L., Doğanlı, C., Herrera-Cid, C., Møllgård, K., Benmerah, A., Larsen, L. A., & Christensen, S. (2025) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2025.11.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Repeats in Transforming Acidic Coiled-Coil (TACC) Genes
Trivedi, S. (2013) · Biochemical Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10528-013-9577-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dharmadhikari, A. V., Abad, M. A., Khan, S., Maroofian, R., Sands, T. T., Ullah, F., Samejima, I., Shen, Y., Wear, M. A., Moore, K. E., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56876-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kang, D., Shin, B., Kim, G., Hea, J. H., Sung, Y. H., & Rhee, K. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202401541r · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barr, A. R., Kilmartin, J. V., & Gergely, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gergely, Fanni
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2010-04-05
- Volume
- 189
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-39
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- PMC
- PMC2854379
- OpenAlex
- W2142993158
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Keywords
- CDK5RAP2, centrosome, pericentriolar matrix, centrosomin, DNA damage response, G2 cell cycle arrest, primary microcephaly, neurogenesis, Drosophila melanogaster, DT40 B cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Cycle, Cells, Cultured, Chickens, DNA Damage, HeLa Cells, Humans, Spindle Apparatus, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Centrosome, Cell Cycle Proteins, Antigens, Nuclear, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review