Cited by 2Microtubule and mitosis dynamicsCellular Mechanics and InteractionsProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling

OptoTAT reveals microtubule acetylation as a rapid trigger for GEF-H1–mediated cell migration

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Deb Roy, Abhijit, Gonzalez, Cristian Saez, Stanislauskas, Milda, Shahid, Farid, Yadav, Eesha, Rezek, Jalil, Inoue, Takanari·2026·Journal of Cell Biology

Abstract

Microtubule acetylation is implicated in regulating cell motility, yet its physiological role in directional migration and the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unclear. This knowledge gap has persisted primarily due to a lack of tools capable of rapidly manipulating microtubule acetylation in actively migrating cells. To overcome this limitation and elucidate the causal relationship between microtubule acetylation and cell migration, we developed a novel optogenetic actuator, optoTAT, which enables precise induction of microtubule acetylation within minutes in live cells. Implementing optoTAT in migration assays, we observed striking and rapid responses at both molecular and cellular levels. First, microtubule acetylation triggers release of the RhoA activator GEF-H1 from sequestration on microtubules. This release subsequently enhances actomyosin contractility and drives focal adhesion maturation. These subcellular processes collectively promote sustained directional migration. Our findings position GEF-H1 as a critical molecular responder to microtubule acetylation, enabling a dynamic crosstalk between the actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks in the coordination of cellular motility.

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  • GFP-GEF-H1 bound along most microtubules in U2OS cells.

    “GFP-GEF-H1 bound along most microtubules in U2OS cells”

    From Taxane-induced conformational changes in the microtubule lattice activate GEF-H1-dependent RhoA signalling (2026) · cites this paper as [33]

    The Results section (‘Microtubule acetylation releases GEF-H1 from sequestration’; page unavailable) reports GEF-H1 associated with microtubules in MEFs and HeLa cells. It does not establish that GFP-GEF-H1 bound along most microtubules in U2OS cells. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • GFP-GEF-H1 was barely detected on acetylated microtubules in U2OS cells.

    “but was barely detected on acetylated microtubules (Fig. 3a, yellow dashed line, and Fig. 3c)”

    From Taxane-induced conformational changes in the microtubule lattice activate GEF-H1-dependent RhoA signalling (2026) · cites this paper as [33]

    The Results section, under “Microtubule acetylation releases GEF-H1 from sequestration” (page unavailable), reports a negative spatial correlation between microtubule-bound GEF-H1 and acetylated microtubules. That observation was made by immunostaining WT mouse embryonic fibroblasts, not by detecting GFP-GEF-H1 in U2OS cells; the cited paper therefore supports the general localization pattern but not the specified cell type or fluorescent construct. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • GEF-H1 avoids acetylated microtubules.

    “Previous studies have suggested that GEF-H1 avoids acetylated microtubules 32,33 .”
  • In cells, GEF-H1 avoids acetylated, stable microtubules.

    “In cells, GEF-H1 avoids acetylated, stable microtubules 32,33 , probably because their lattices are expanded 39,53 and are thus more similar in conformation to paclitaxel- and GMPCPP-stabilized microtubules.”

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Authors
Deb Roy, A., Gonzalez, C. S., Stanislauskas, M., Shahid, F., Yadav, E., Rezek, J., & Inoue, T.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 1 Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, , Baltimore, MD,
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine 3 , Farmington, CT,
Corresponding author
Inoue, Takanari
Venue
Journal of Cell Biology
Published
2026-03-19
Volume
225
Issue
5
ISSN
  • 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
  • 1540-8140
OpenAlex
W7138849270
Cited by
2
References
98
Citations by year
2026: 2
FWCI
6.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (R35GM149329, T32GM007445, F31GM153141)
  • American Heart Association (23POST1057352)
  • D.C. Women’s Board Postdoctoral Fellowship
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Keywords
microtubule acetylation, GEF-H1, cell migration, optogenetic actuators, RhoA activation, actomyosin contractility, focal adhesion maturation, directional migration, cytoskeletal dynamics
MeSH terms
Acetylation, Actomyosin, Animals, Cell Movement, Humans, Microtubules, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein, Focal Adhesions, Optogenetics, Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

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