THE MINIMUM VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE L AND H E L A CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE, THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, AND THEIR CURE

Eagle, Harry

doi:10.1084/jem.102.5.595

Cited by 324Folate and B Vitamins ResearchAlcoholism and Thiamine DeficiencyCancer and biochemical research

THE MINIMUM VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE L AND H E L A CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE, THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, AND THEIR CURE

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Eagle, Harry·1955·The Journal of Experimental Medicine

DOI 10.1084/jem.102.5.595PMC PMC2136536

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Abstract

SEVEN VITAMINS HAVE TO DATE PROVED ESSENTIAL FOR THE SURVIVAL AND MULTIPLICATION OF A MOUSE FIBROBLAST (STRAIN L) AND A HUMAN CARCINOMA CELL (STRAIN HELA) IN TISSUE CULTURE: choline, folic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, riboflavin, and thiamin. It was necessary to cultivate the cells for 5 to 15 days in a medium lacking the specific vitamin before the deficiency became apparent in the cessation of multiplication and the development of specific cytopathogenic effects. In their early stages these changes could be reversed by the addition of the missing vitamin, an in vitro, "cure" of a vitamin deficiency. The maximally effective concentrations were in the range 10(7) to 10(8) gm. per ml. The probability that additional vitamins not demonstrably essential under the conditions of the present experiments are nevertheless required for survival and growth is discussed in the text.

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Optimal growth of cultured HeLa cells requires a 10- to 100-fold molar excess of glutamine relative to other amino acids.
“the optimal growth of cultured HeLa cells requires a 10- to a 100-fold molar excess of glutamine in culture medium relative to other amino acids”
From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Eagle, 1955

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THE SPECIFIC AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A MAMMALIAN CELL (STRAIN L) IN TISSUE CULTURE
Eagle, H. (1955) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70932-0 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
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THE MINIMUM VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE L AND I~A CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE, THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, AND THEIR CURE
Eagle, H. (1955)
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Authors: Eagle, H.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Eagle, Harry
Venue: The Journal of Experimental Medicine
Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
Published: 1955-11-01
Volume: 102
Issue: 5
Pages: 595-600
ISSN: 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
1540-9538
DOI: 10.1084/jem.102.5.595
PMC: PMC2136536
OpenAlex: W2019391401
Cited by: 323
References: 1
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 24.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
Locations: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
Keywords: vitamin requirements, vitamin deficiency, L cells, HeLa cells, mouse fibroblasts, human carcinoma cells, tissue culture, choline, folic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, riboflavin, thiamine, cytopathic effect, cell proliferation, vitamin supplementation, essential vitamins
MeSH terms: Animals, Avitaminosis, Folic Acid, HeLa Cells, Humans, Neoplasms, Experimental, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin A, Vitamins, Tissue Culture Techniques, Mice

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THE MINIMUM VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE L AND H E L A CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE, THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, AND THEIR CURE

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