Glutamine depletion regulates Slug to promote EMT and metastasis in pancreatic cancer
Open accessAbstract
Tumor cells rely on glutamine to fulfill their metabolic demands and sustain proliferation. The elevated consumption of glutamine can lead to intratumoral nutrient depletion, causing metabolic stress that has the potential to impact tumor progression. Here, we show that nutrient stress caused by glutamine deprivation leads to the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that glutamine deficiency regulates EMT through the up-regulation of the EMT master regulator Slug, a process that is dependent on both MEK/ERK signaling and ATF4. We find that Slug is required in PDAC cells for glutamine deprivation–induced EMT, cell motility, and nutrient stress survival. Importantly, we decipher that Slug is associated with nutrient stress in PDAC tumors and is required for metastasis. These results delineate a novel role for Slug in the nutrient stress response and provide insight into how nutrient depletion might influence PDAC progression.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Extracellular asparagine from serum and produced by a constitutively active integrated stress response in subpopulations of PDAC cells can be targeted using asparaginase, sensitizing PDAC tumors to mitochondrial inhibition in preclinical models.
“extracellular asparagine from serum and produced by a constitutively active integrated stress response in subpopulations of PDAC cells can be targeted using asparaginase, potently sensitizing PDAC tumors to mitochondrial inhibition in pre-clinical models239,246.”
From Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [239]
Differential activation of the integrated stress response can define subpopulations within individual tumors and drives differential sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors.
“Differential activation of the integrated stress response can also be used to define sub-populations within individual tumors, which drives differential sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors239.”
From Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [239]
Metabolic characterization of clonal lines isolated from tumors revealed that two distinct populations can coexist within the same tumor.
“metabolic characterization of clonal lines isolated from tumors revealed that two distinct populations can co-exist within the same tumor239”
From Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [239]
Asparagine produced by subpopulations of PDAC cells with a constitutively active integrated stress response supports mitochondrial metabolism of other PDAC cells during limited respiration, providing a barrier to metabolic targeting.
“asparagine produced by subpopulations of PDAC cells that have a constitutively active integrated stress response support the mitochondrial metabolism of other PDAC cells during limited respiration239, providing a barrier to metabolic targeting.”
From Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [239]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 · Cited by 95,106 · see citing works
Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102 · Cited by 53,625 · see citing works
Robinson, M. D., McCarthy, D. J., & Smyth, G. K. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616 · Cited by 41,364 · see citing works
Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets
Zhou, Y., Zhou, B., Pache, L., Chang, M., Khodabakhshi, A. H., Tanaseichuk, O., Benner, C., & Chanda, S. K. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09234-6 · Cited by 14,611 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Lamouille, S., Xu, J., & Derynck, R. (2014) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3758 · Cited by 8,091 · see citing works
Nieto, M. A., Huang, R. Y.-J., Jackson, R. A., & Thiery, J. P. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.028 · Cited by 4,492 · see citing works
Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer
Bailey, P., Chang, D. K., Nones, K., Johns, A. L., Patch, A.-M., Gingras, M.-C., Miller, D. K., Christ, A. N., Bruxner, T. J. C., Quinn, M. C., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16965 · Cited by 3,621 · see citing works
The integrated stress response
Pakos‐Zebrucka, K., Koryga, I., Mnich, K., Ljujic, M., Samali, A., & Gorman, A. M. (2016) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201642195 · Cited by 2,659 · see citing works
Hingorani, S. R., Wang, L., Multani, A. S., Combs, C., Deramaudt, T. B., Hruban, R. H., Rustgi, A. K., Chang, S., & Tuveson, D. A. (2005) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.04.023 · Cited by 2,609 · see citing works
Regulatory networks defining EMT during cancer initiation and progression
Craene, B. D., & Berx, G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3447 · Cited by 2,487 · see citing works
Moffitt, R. A., Marayati, R., Flate, E. L., Volmar, K. E., Loeza, S. G. H., Hoadley, K. A., Rashid, N. U., Williams, L. A., Eaton, S. C., Chung, A. H., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3398 · Cited by 2,194 · see citing works
EMT and Dissemination Precede Pancreatic Tumor Formation
Rhim, A. D., Mirek, E. T., Aiello, N. M., Maitra, A., Bailey, J. M., McAllister, F., Reichert, M., Beatty, G. L., Rustgi, A. K., Vonderheide, R. H., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.025 · Cited by 2,136 · see citing works
Zheng, X., Carstens, J. L., Kim, J., Scheible, M., Kaye, J. A., Sugimoto, H., Wu, C.-C., LeBleu, V. S., & Kalluri, R. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16064 · Cited by 2,018 · see citing works
Glutamine supports pancreatic cancer growth through a KRAS-regulated metabolic pathway
Son, J., Lyssiotis, C. A., Ying, H., Wang, X., Hua, S., Ligorio, M., Perera, R. M., Ferrone, C. R., Mullarky, E., Shyh-Chang, N., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12040 · Cited by 1,990 · see citing works
Subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and their differing responses to therapy
Collisson, E. A., Sadanandam, A., Olson, P., Gibb, W. J., Truitt, M., Gu, S., Cooc, J., Weinkle, J., Kim, G. E., Jakkula, L., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2344 · Cited by 1,967 · see citing works
Glucose feeds the TCA cycle via circulating lactate
Hui, S., Ghergurovich, J. M., Morscher, R. J., Jang, C., Teng, X., Lu, W., Esparza, L. A., Reya, T., Zhan, L., Yanxiang Guo, J., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24057 · Cited by 1,721 · see citing works
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Lu, W., & Kang, Y. (2019) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.010 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
Krebs, A. M., Mitschke, J., Losada, M. L., Schmalhofer, O., Boerries, M., Busch, H. S., Böttcher, M., Mougiakakos, D., Reichardt, W., Bronsert, P., et al. (2017) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3513 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
Bayne, L. J., Beatty, G. L., Jhala, N., Clark, C. E., Rhim, A. D., Stanger, B. Z., & Vonderheide, R. H. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.025 · Cited by 947 · cited 2× · see citing works
“KPC cells originated from Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KRasG12D/+; LSL-Tp53R172H/+ mice were kindly provided by Dr. Robert H. Vonderheide (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bayne et al., 2012) and subcloned in our laboratory to give rise to the KPC#65 clone used in this study.”
MethodKamphorst, J. J., Nofal, M., Commisso, C., Hackett, S. R., Lu, W., Grabocka, E., Vander Heiden, M. G., Miller, G., Drebin, J. A., Bar-Sagi, D., et al. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2211 · Cited by 893 · see citing works
Self-citationSnail blocks the cell cycle and confers resistance to cell deathPreprint
Vega, S., Morales, A. V., Ocaña, O. H., Valdés, F., Fabregat, I., & Nieto, M. A. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.294104 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer: Understanding the Heterogeneity
Cluntun, A. A., Lukey, M. J., Cerione, R. A., & Locasale, J. W. (2017) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2017.01.005 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Pharmacological brake-release of mRNA translation enhances cognitive memory
Sidrauski, C., Acosta‐Alvear, D., Khoutorsky, A., Vedantham, P., Hearn, B. R., Li, H., Gamache, K., Gallagher, C. M., Ang, K. K. H., Wilson, C. G. M., et al. (2013) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.00498 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Ye, J., Kumanova, M., Hart, L. S., Sloane, K. L., Zhang, H., Panis, D. N. D., Bobrovnikova-Marjon, E. V., Diehl, J. A., Ron, D., & Koumenis, C. (2010) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.81 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
EMT Subtype Influences Epithelial Plasticity and Mode of Cell Migration
Aiello, N. M., Maddipati, R., Norgard, R. J., Balli, D., Li, J., Yuan, S., Yamazoe, T., Black, T. A., Sahmoud, A., Furth, E. E., et al. (2018) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.027 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Kurrey, N. K., Jalgaonkar, S. P., Joglekar, A. V., Ghanate, A. D., Chaskar, P. D., Doiphode, R. Y., & Bapat, S. A. (2009) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.154 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Hosios, A. M., Hecht, V. C., Danai, L. V., Johnson, M. O., Rathmell, J. C., Steinhauser, M. L., Manalis, S. R., & Vander Heiden, M. G. (2016) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.02.012 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Stratification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas based on tumor and microenvironment features
Puleo, F., Nicolle, R., Blum, Y., Cros, J., Marisa, L., Demetter, P., Quertinmont, E., Svrcek, M., Elarouci, N., Iovanna, J., et al. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.033 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Badea, L., Herlea, V., Dima, S., Dumitraşcu, T., & Popescu, I. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Khanna, C. (2004) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh261 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Asparagine Plays a Critical Role in Regulating Cellular Adaptation to Glutamine Depletion
Zhang, J., Fan, J., Venneti, S., Cross, J. R., Takagi, T., Bhinder, B., Djaballah, H., Kanai, M., Cheng, E. H., Judkins, A. R., et al. (2014) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.018 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Hotz, B., Arndt, M., Dullat, S., Bhargava, S., Buhr, H.-J., & Hotz, H. G. (2007) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2926 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Slug Antagonizes p53-Mediated Apoptosis of Hematopoietic Progenitors by Repressing puma
Wu, W.-S., Heinrichs, S., Xu, D., Garrison, S. P., Zambetti, G. P., Adams, J. M., & Look, A. T. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.029 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Pan, M., Reid, M. A., Lowman, X. H., Kulkarni, R. P., Tran, T. Q., Liu, X., Yang, Y., Hernandez-Davies, J. E., Rosales, K. K., Li, H., et al. (2016) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3410 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Metabolic reprogramming and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in cancer
Sciacovelli, M., & Frezza, C. (2017) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.14090 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Analyzing Cell Death by Nuclear Staining with Hoechst 33342Preprint
Crowley, L. C., Marfell, B. J., & Waterhouse, N. J. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Protocols · doi:10.1101/pdb.prot087205 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Compensatory metabolic networks in pancreatic cancers upon perturbation of glutamine metabolism
Biancur, D. E., Paulo, J. A., Małachowska, B., Quiles Del Rey, M., Sousa, C. M., Wang, X., Sohn, A. S. W., Chu, G. C., Gygi, S. P., Harper, J. W., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15965 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Upholding a role for EMT in pancreatic cancer metastasis
Aiello, N. M., Brabletz, T., Kang, Y., Nieto, M. A., Weinberg, R. A., & Stanger, B. Z. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22963 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Falletta, P., Sánchez‐del‐Campo, L., Chauhan, J. S., Effern, M., Kenyon, A., Kershaw, C. J., Siddaway, R., Lisle, R., Freter, R., Daniels, M. J., et al. (2017) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.290940.116 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
We're Not “DON” Yet: Optimal Dosing and Prodrug Delivery of6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine
Lemberg, K. M., Vornov, J. J., Rais, R., & Slusher, B. S. (2018) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1148 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Gwinn, D. M., Lee, A. G., Briones-Martin-del-Campo, M., Conn, C. S., Simpson, D. R., Scott, A. I., Le, A., Cowan, T. M., Ruggero, D., & Sweet-Cordero, E. A. (2018) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2017.12.003 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
A Role for p53 in the Adaptation to Glutamine Starvation through the Expression of SLC1A3
Tajan, M., Hock, A. K., Blagih, J., Robertson, N. A., Labuschagne, C. F., Kruiswijk, F., Humpton, T. J., Adams, P. D., & Vousden, K. H. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.005 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Chen, H., Zhu, G., Li, Y., Padia, R. N., Dong, Z., Pan, Z. K., Liu, K., & Huang, S. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1950 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
EGFR-Pak signaling selectively regulates glutamine deprivation-induced macropinocytosis
Lee, S.-W., Zhang, Y., Jung, M., Cruz, N., Alas, B., & Commisso, C. (2019) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.043 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationGaglio, D., Soldati, C., Vanoni, M., Alberghina, L., & Chiaradonna, F. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004715 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Starvation and Pseudo-Starvation as Drivers of Cancer Metastasis through Translation Reprogramming
García‐Jiménez, C., & Goding, C. R. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.11.018 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Molecular regulation of Snai2 in development and disease
Zhou, W., Gross, K. M., & Kuperwasser, C. (2019) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.235127 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Translational reprogramming marks adaptation to asparagine restriction in cancer
Pathria, G., Lee, J. S., Hasnis, E., Tandoc, K. V., Scott, D. A., Verma, S. K., Feng, Y., Larue, L., Sahu, A. D., Topisirović, I., et al. (2019) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0415-1 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Molecular markers associated with outcome and metastasis in human pancreatic cancer
den broeck, A. V., Vankelecom, H. E. J., van Eijsden, R. G. E., Govaere, O., & Topal, B. (2012) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/1756-9966-31-68 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Glutamate and asparagine cataplerosis underlie glutamine addiction in melanoma
Ratnikov, B. I., Aza‐Blanc, P., Ronai, Z. A., Smith, J. W., Osterman, A. L., & Scott, D. A. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3132 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Thiaville, M. M., Pan, Y., Gjymishka, A., Zhong, C., Kaufman, R. J., & Kilberg, M. S. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m708320200 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Adhim, Z., Matsuoka, T., Bito, T., Shigemura, K., Lee, K.-M., Kawabata, M., Fujisawa, M., Nibu, K., & Shirakawa, T. (2011) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.262 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sandhu, V., Lothe, I. M. B., Labori, K. J., Lingjærde, O. C., Buanes, T. A., Dalsgaard, A. M., Skrede, M., Hamfjord, J., Haaland, T., Eide, T. J., et al. (2014) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.002 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Liu, S., Ye, D., Xu, D., Liao, Y., Zhang, L., Liu, L., Yu, W., Wang, Y., He, Y., Hu, J., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7940 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Selection of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells Based on Adaptability of Their Metabolic State
Singh, B., Tai, K., Madan, S., Raythatha, M. R., Cady, A. M., Braunlin, M., Irving, L. R., Bajaj, A., & Lucci, A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036510 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Villarino, N., Signaevskaia, L., van Niekerk, J., Medal, R., Kim, H., Lahmy, R., Scully, K. M., Pinkerton, A. B., Kim, S. W., Lowy, A. M., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.18587 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationSandhu, V., Lothe, I. M. B., Labori, K. J., Lingjærde, O. C., Buanes, T. A., Dalsgaard, A. M., Skrede, M. L., Hamfjord, J., Haaland, T., Eide, T. J., et al. (2015) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2015.05.118 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges
Halbrook, C. J., Lyssiotis, C. A., Pasca di Magliano, M., & Maitra, A. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.014 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Liu, F., Fan, N., Zhou, C., Li, D., MacVicar, T., Dong, Q., Bruns, C. J., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.589508 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Metabolic heterogeneity in cancer
Demicco, M., Liu, X., Leithner, K., & Fendt, S. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00963-z · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Harnessing metabolic dependencies in pancreatic cancers
Encarnación-Rosado, J., & Kimmelman, A. C. (2021) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00431-7 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition at the Crossroads between Metabolism and Tumor Progression
Fedele, M., Sgarra, R., Battista, S., Cerchia, L., & Manfioletti, G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23020800 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity landscape: principles of design and mechanisms of regulation
Haerinck, J., Goossens, S., & Berx, G. (2023) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00601-0 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Targeting pancreatic cancer metabolic dependencies through glutamine antagonism
Encarnación-Rosado, J., Sohn, A. S. W., Biancur, D. E., Lin, E. Y., Osorio-Vasquez, V., Rodrick, T. C., González-Baerga, D., Zhao, E., Yokoyama, Y., Simeone, D. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-023-00647-3 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Yu, D., Pan, M., Li, Y., Lu, T., Wang, Z., Liu, C., & Hu, G. (2022) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-021-02212-1 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Recouvreux, M. V., Jung, M., Galenkamp, K. M. O., Li, Y., Zagnitko, O., Scott, D. A., Lowy, A. M., & Commisso, C. (2021) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0119 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasticity of cancer invasion and energy metabolism
Parlani, M., Jorgez, C. J., & Friedl, P. (2022) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.009 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Kuzu, O. F., Granerud, L. J. T., & Saatcioglu, F. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02439-w · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Zhu, Y.-H., Zheng, J.-H., Jia, Q.-Y., Duan, Z., Yao, H., Yang, J., Sun, Y., Jiang, S.-H., Liu, D., & Huo, Y. (2022) · Cellular Oncology · doi:10.1007/s13402-022-00741-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Obesity and Cancer Metastasis: Molecular and Translational Perspectives
Annett, S., Moore, G., & Robson, T. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12123798 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Stress Granules Determine the Development of Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Cancer
Fonteneau, G., Redding, A., Hoag-Lee, H., Sim, E. S., Heinrich, S., Gaida, M. M., & Grabocka, E. (2022) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1672 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Zhou, Q., Lin, W., Wang, C., Sun, F., Ju, S., Chen, Q., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Li, H., Wang, L., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30559-2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Recouvreux, M. V., Grenier, S. F., Zhang, Y., Esparza, E., Lambies, G., Galapate, C. M., Maganti, S., Duong‐Polk, K., Bhullar, D., Naeem, R. F., et al. (2023) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-023-00649-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationNazemi, M., Yanes, B., Llanses, M., Walker, H. J., Pham, K. T., Collins, M. O., Bard, F., & Rainero, E. (2024) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002406 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Palamaris, K., Felekouras, E. S., & Sakellariou, S. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13215532 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in pancreatic cancer progression
Xiang, H., Yang, R., Tu, J., Yan, X., Yang, S., Lv, L., Zhai, X., Zhu, Y., Dong, D., & Tao, X. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113992 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ghafoor, S., Garcia, E. P., Jay, D. J., & Persad, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26094364 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Guo, Z., Ashrafizadeh, M., Zhang, W., Zou, R., Sethi, G., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-023-10125-y · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Jain, A., & Bhardwaj, V. (2021) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6527 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Metabolic dependencies and targets in ovarian cancer
Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhao, G., Oršulić, S., & Matei, D. E. (2023) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108413 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, L.-X., Qi, C., Lu, S., Ye, X.-S., Merikhian, P., Zhang, D.-Y., Yao, T., Zhao, J.-S., Wu, Y., Jia, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55738-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Yang, J. Z., Liu, Y., & Liu, S. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06032-3 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Shu, F., Liu, H., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Zhou, J., Tang, L., Cao, W., Yang, S., Long, Y., Li, R., et al. (2024) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1954 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Macropinocytosis maintains CAF subtype identity under metabolic stress in pancreatic cancer
Zhang, Y., Li, L., Murad, R., Maganti, S., Manceau, A., Faso, H. A., Neff, M., Galapate, C. M., Grenier, S. F., Carrette, F., et al. (2025) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.06.021 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting the Metabolic Rewiring in Pancreatic Cancer and Its Tumor Microenvironment
Yamamoto, K., Iwadate, D., Kato, H., Nakai, Y., Tateishi, K., & Fujishiro, M. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14184351 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hua, Q., Sun, Z., Liu, Y., Shen, X., Zhao, W., Zhu, X., & Xu, P. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-021-04149-x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhao, R., Yi, Y., Liu, H., Xu, J., Chen, S., Wu, D., Wang, L., & Li, F. (2024) · Cancer & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s40170-024-00362-2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Mirzaei, S., Abadi, A. J., Gholami, M. H., Hashemi, F., Zabolian, A., Hushmandi, K., Zarrabi, A., Entezari, M., Aref, A. R., Khan, H. Z., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174344 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
PAK4 in cancer development: Emerging player and therapeutic opportunities
Yuan, Y., Zhang, H., Li, D., Li, Y., Lin, F., Wang, Y., Song, H., Liu, X., Li, F., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215813 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of NR4A1 in cancer: Focus on metabolism
Deng, S., Chen, B., Huo, J., & Liu, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.972984 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Glucose Deprivation Promotes Pseudohypoxia and Dedifferentiation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Saggese, P., Pandey, A., Alcaraz, M., Fung, E., Hall, A., Yanagawa, J., Rodriguez, E. F., Grogan, T., Giurato, G., Nassa, G., et al. (2023) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1148 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Masuo, K., Chen, R., Yogo, A., Sugiyama, A., Fukuda, A., Masui, T., Üemoto, S., Seno, H., & Takaishi, S. (2021) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.15162 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
LAMC2 Regulates Key Transcriptional and Targetable Effectors to Support Pancreatic Cancer Growth
Erice, O., Narayanan, S., Feliu, I., Entrialgo‐Cadierno, R., Malinova, A., Vicentini, C., Guruceaga, E., Delfino, P., Trajkovic‐Arsic, M., Moreno, H., et al. (2023) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0794 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Liang, X., Yan, Z., Wang, P., Liu, Y., Ao, X., Liu, Z., Wang, D., Liu, X., Zhu, M., Gao, S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111309 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Fang, Z., Zhang, W., Wang, H., Zhang, C., Li, J., Chen, W., Xu, X., Wang, L., Ma, M., Zhang, S., et al. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05491-x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sun, H., Zhang, C., Yang, Z., Liu, C., Wang, X., & Cong, X. (2022) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03523-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Microfluidic System to Analyze the Effects of Interleukin 6 on Lymphatic Breast Cancer Metastasis
Cho, H., Choi, J., Kim, K.-J., Shin, M., & Choi, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.611802 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Resveratrol Augments Doxorubicin and Cisplatin Chemotherapy: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy
Zarrabi, A., Bishayee, A., Mirzaei, S., Gholami, M. H., Zabolian, A., Saleki, H., Bagherian, M., Torabi, S. M., Sharifzadeh, S. O., Hushmandi, K., et al. (2022) · Current Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1874467215666220415131344 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Xing, Y., & Liu, C. (2025) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-025-02683-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Chisari, A. N., Golán, I., Campisano, S., Gélabert, C., Moustakas, A., Sancho, P., & Caja, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.723798 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pastorino, G. A., Sheraj, I., Huebner, K., Ferrero, G., Kunze, P., Hartmann, A., Hampel, C., Hüsnügil, H. H., Maiuthed, A., Gebhart, F., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.6240 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Shi, L., Hou, J., Wang, L., Fu, H., Zhang, Y., Song, Y., & Wang, X. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.486 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationLan, B., Zhuang, Z., Zhang, J., He, Y., Wang, N., Deng, Z., Mei, L., Li, Y., & Gao, Y. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-024-06936-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
van Roey, R., Brabletz, T., Stemmler, M. P., & Armstark, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.753456 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bandi, D. S. R., Sarvesh, S., Farran, B., Nagaraju, G. P., & El‐Rayes, B. F. (2023) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Metabolism Symbiosis Between Pancreatic Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment
Li, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, J., & Liu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.759376 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Peng, X., Yang, R., Song, J. L., Wang, X., & Dong, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.783592 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jiang, Z., Song, X., Wei, Y., Li, Y., Kong, D., & Sun, J. (2022) · Bioengineered · doi:10.1080/21655979.2022.2088497 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
RetractedGuo, H., Hu, Z., Yang, X., Yuan, Z., Gao, Y., Chen, J., Xie, L., Chen, C., Guo, Y., & Bai, Y. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110709 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dou, R., Han, L., Yang, C., Fang, Y., Zheng, J., Liang, C., Song, J., Chen, W., Huang, G., Zhong, P., et al. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1432 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wu, H., Zhang, Q., Cao, Z., Cao, H., Wu, M., Fu, M., Huang, T., Han, X., Chang, X., & Liu, Z. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112681 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wu, S., Sun, Z., Guo, Z., Li, P., Mao, Q., Tang, Y., Chen, H., Peng, H., Wang, S., & Cao, Y. (2023) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116565 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Yuan, H., Zhao, Z., Guo, Z., Ma, L., Han, J., & Song, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.72838 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
RNA-cleaving DNAzymes for accurate biosensing and gene therapy
Gao, X., Liu, Y., Huo, W., Song, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Yang, X., Jin, Y., & Liang, X. (2023) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d3nr01482g · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, X., Zhou, L., Wang, H., Chen, W., Jiang, L., Ming, G., & Wang, J. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.6623 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Metabolic Rewiring and Stemness: A Critical Attribute of Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Ogunleye, A. O., Nimmakayala, R. K., Batra, S. K., & Ponnusamy, M. P. (2023) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1093/stmcls/sxad017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gao, C., Chu, Z.-Z., Zhang, D., Xiao, Y., Zhou, X.-Y., Wu, J., Yuan, H., Jiang, Y., Chen, D., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-023-02651-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Archibugi, L., Ruta, V., Panzeri, V., Redegalli, M., Testoni, S. G. G., Petrone, M. C., Rossi, G., Falconi, M., Reni, M., Doglioni, C., et al. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9122561 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The biology of pancreatic cancer morphology
McDonald, O. G. (2021) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.012 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Turbulence of glutamine metabolism in pan-cancer prognosis and immune microenvironment
He, S., Zhang, S., Yao, Y., Xu, B., Niu, Z., Liao, F., Wu, J., Song, Q., Li, M., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1064127 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lv, Q., Shi, J., Miao, D., Tan, D., Zhao, C., Xiong, Z., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101835 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
What’s on the menu?: metabolic constraints in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment
Sheehan, C. S., & Muir, A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci191940 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in pancreatic cancer: From mechanism to application
Fu, S., Xu, S., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188893 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhuo, W., Zeng, Z., Hu, Y., Hu, P., Han, S., Wang, D., Wang, F., Zhao, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, J., et al. (2023) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.15905 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Giraulo, C., Turiello, R., Orlando, L., Leonardelli, S., Landsberg, J., Belvedere, R., Rolshoven, G. W., Müller, C. E., Hölzel, M., & Morello, S. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115225 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wu, C., Weis, S. M., & Cheresh, D. A. (2023) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.261483 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
MicroRNA-Regulated Signaling Pathways: Potential Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Mortoglou, M., Wallace, D., Djordjević, A. B., Djordjevic, V. R., Arısan, E. D., & Onganer, P. U. (2021) · Stresses · doi:10.3390/stresses1010004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Fang, J., Wang, J., Yu, L., & Xu, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.684021 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
TANG, F., LI, Y., Pan, M., WANG, Z., Lu, T., Liu, C., Zhou, X. Y., & Hu, G. (2023) · Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.32604/or.2023.030081 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Upregulation of KLK8 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Hua, Q., Li, T., Liu, Y., Shen, X., Zhu, X., & Xu, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.624837 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Yang, J., Xu, Y. H., Huo, Y., Cai, L., Hua, R., Zhang, J., & Chen, Z. (2021) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2021/5553425 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Shi, J., Li, W., Jia, Z., Peng, Y., Hou, J., Li, N., Meng, R., Fu, W., Feng, Y., Wu, L., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15215282 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zeng, T., Deng, T., Liu, Z., Zhan, J., Ma, Y., Yan, Y.-Y., Sun, X., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Guan, X., et al. (2022) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-022-05478-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sun, J., Zhao, X., Jiang, H., Yang, T., Li, D., Yang, X., Jia, A., Ma, Y., & Qian, Z. (2022) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2022.101817 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Zhou, S., Xie, L., Liang, K., Xu, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, H., Wang, D., Song, Q., et al. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.3c04069 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Xu, W., Zhu, H., Chen, X., & Tsai, H. (2024) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.92502 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gu, M., Liu, Y., Xin, P., Guo, W., Zhao, Z., Xu, Y., Ma, R., Jiao, T., & Zheng, W. (2024) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216738 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hou, T., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., Li, S., Fan, W., Li, R., Sun, Q., & Liu, C. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25052992 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Anti‐Tumor Strategies Targeting Nutritional Deprivation: Challenges and Opportunities
Shi, J., Han, W., Wang, J., & Kong, X. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202415550 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li, H., Wu, Z., Zhang, Y., Lu, X., & Miao, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1201297 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanism and function of miR-140 in human cancers: A review and in silico study
Taheri, F., Ebrahimi, S. O., Heidari, R., pour, S. N., & Reiisi, S. (2022) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2022.154265 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nayak, D., Weadick, B., Persaud, A. K., Raj, R., Shakya, R., Li, J., Campbell, M. J., & Govindarajan, R. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104193 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Greco, L., Rubbino, F., & Laghi, L. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14235797 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lin, J., Hou, L., Zhao, X., Zhong, J., Lv, Y., Jiang, X., Ye, B., & Qiao, Y. (2024) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.025 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Squalli, W., Mansouri, I., Douini, I., Achiban, H., Saghrouchni, H., Agy, A. E., Fadil, F., Wink, M., & Dakki, M. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14091352 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hashimoto, A., & Hashimoto, S. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16234094 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Glutamine’s double-edged sword: fueling tumor growth and offering therapeutic hope
Fang, L., Gao, D., Jiang, Z., Li, G., & Li, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1578940 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhong, Y., Lu, Y., Li, J., Ren, Q., Fan, Y., Meng, X., Shao, J., & Qian, H. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02682 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hashimoto, A., Handa, H., Hata, S., & Hashimoto, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1005566 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wang, X., Kutschat, A. P., Aggrey-Fynn, J. E., Hamdan, F. H., Graham, R. P., Wixom, A. Q., Souto, Y., Ladigan‐Badura, S., Yonkus, J. A., Abdelrahman, A. M., et al. (2023) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0916 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
TRIM 2 promotes metabolic adaptation to glutamine deprivation via enhancement of CPT 1 A activity
Liao, K., Liu, K., Wang, Z., Zhao, K., & Mei, Y. (2024) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.17218 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yang, R., Ma, M., Yu, S., Li, X., Zhang, J., & Wu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.742017 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wang, Z., He, T., Lv, W., & Hu, J. (2023) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr-22-2200 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Melanophilin-induced primary cilia promote pancreatic cancer metastasis
Chao, Y., Lin, R., Su, P., Wang, C.-A., Tu, T.-Y., Hou, Y.-C., Tsai, Y.-T., Peng, I., Tsai, S., Shan, Y., et al. (2025) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-025-07344-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Parejo-Alonso, B., Barneda, D., Trabulo, S. M. D., Courtois, S., Compte-Sancerni, S., Zurkovic, J., Ruíz-Cañas, L., Zheng, Q., Tang, J., Gaida, M. M., et al. (2025) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-3475 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bacteria and tumor debris induced pancreatic cancer progression via the NF-κB signaling pathway
Chen, Q., Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yao, T., Qiu, J., Qin, H., & Liang, T. (2025) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217964 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Wang, Y., Zou, Y., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2022/5286820 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Recouvreux, M. V., Moldenhauer, M. R., Galenkamp, K. M. O., Jung, M., James, B., Zhang, Y., Lowy, A., Bagchi, A., & Commisso, C.
- Affiliations
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Commisso, Cosimo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2020-06-08
- Volume
- 217
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC7478719
- OpenAlex
- W3032930460
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 8.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01CA207189)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA030199)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Keywords
- glutamine deprivation, Slug, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, nutritional stress, metabolic stress, MEK/ERK signaling, ATF4, metastasis, cell motility, tumor progression
- MeSH terms
- Snail Family Transcription Factors, Adenocarcinoma, Animals, Cell Movement, Cell Survival, Glutamine, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neoplasm Metastasis, Pancreatic Neoplasms, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Physiological, Biomarkers, Tumor, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Cell Line, Tumor, Activating Transcription Factor 4, HEK293 Cells, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review