Cited by 2,659Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and DiseaseRNA and protein synthesis mechanismsPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer

The integrated stress response

Open access
Pakos‐Zebrucka, Karolina, Koryga, Izabela, Mnich, Katarzyna, Ljujic, Mila, Samali, Afshin, Gorman, Adrienne M·2016·The EMBO Reports

Abstract

In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway, termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) by one of four members of the eIF2α kinase family, which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery. The gene expression program activated by the ISR optimizes the cellular response to stress and is dependent on the cellular context, as well as on the nature and intensity of the stress stimuli. Although the ISR is primarily a pro-survival, homeostatic program, exposure to severe stress can drive signaling toward cell death. Here, we review current understanding of the ISR signaling and how it regulates cell fate under diverse types of stress.

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Crossref · 10.15252/embr.201642195

Cites

277 of 277 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Oxidative stress activates four kinases (GCN2, PKR, HRI, PERK) that initiate the integrated stress response by regulating phosphorylation of eIF2α.

    “For example, oxidative stress activates four kinases (GCN2, PKR, HRI, PERK) that initiate the ISR by regulating the phosphorylation of the cytosolic translation elongation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) (Pakos-Zebrucka et al., 2016).”

    From Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Biological Hub for Spaceflight Impact (2020) · cites this paper as Pakos-Zebrucka et al., 2016

    The Activation section says all four eIF2α kinases become activated in response to oxidative stress, and the figure description says they converge on eIF2α phosphorylation at the core of the ISR. However, the citing sentence calls eIF2α a translation *elongation* factor; the Introduction identifies it as a translation *initiation* factor. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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1 retracted

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Scheuner D, Song B, McEwen E, Liu C, Laybutt R, Gillespie P, Saunders T, Bonner-Weir S, Kaufman RJ (2001) Translational control is required ª 2016 The Authors EMBO reports Vol 17 | No 10 | 2016 126.

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Authors
Pakos‐Zebrucka, K., Koryga, I., Mnich, K., Ljujic, M., Samali, A., & Gorman, A. M.
Affiliations
Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
Venue
The EMBO Reports
Published
2016-09-14
Volume
17
Issue
10
Pages
1374-1395
ISSN
  • 1469-221X (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-3178
OpenAlex
W2518959324
Cited by
2,659
References
277
Citations by year
2026: 395 · 2025: 340 · 2024: 353 · 2023: 339 · 2022: 297 · 2021: 297 · 2020: 253 · 2019: 173 · 2018: 126 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 5
FWCI
13.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • EMBO Reports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
  • ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • EMBO Reports (submittedVersion)
  • University of Galway Research Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Health Research Board (HRA/2009/59, HRA‐POR‐2014‐643)
  • Belgian Science Policy Office Interuniversity Attraction Poles program (IAP 7/32)
  • Breast Cancer Campaign (2010NovPR13)
  • Science Foundation Ireland (13/RC/2073)
  • Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2014/508, GOIPD/2014/53)
  • Thomas Crawford Hayes Fund
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Keywords
integrated stress response, eIF2α phosphorylation, eIF2α kinase, ATF4, stress adaptation, cellular homeostasis, cell death signaling, cell fate, gene expression regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Homeostasis, Humans, Protein Binding, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Stress, Physiological, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Host-Pathogen Interactions

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