IL-17–induced HIF1α drives resistance to anti–PD-L1 via fibroblast-mediated immune exclusion
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Increasing evidence suggests that intratumoral inflammation has an outsized influence on antitumor immunity. Here, we report that IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine widely associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors, drives the therapeutic failure of anti–PD-L1. By timing the deletion of IL-17 signaling specifically in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in late-stage tumors, we show that IL-17 signaling drives immune exclusion by activating a collagen deposition program in murine models of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Ablation of IL-17 signaling in CAFs increased the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into the tumor mass and sensitized otherwise resistant cSCC to anti–PD-L1 treatment. Mechanistically, the collagen deposition program in CAFs was driven by IL-17–induced translation of HIF1α, which was mediated by direct binding of Act1, the adaptor protein of IL-17 receptor, to a stem-loop structure in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) in Hif1α mRNA. Disruption of Act1’s binding to Hif1α mRNA abolished IL-17–induced collagen deposition and enhanced anti–PD-L1–mediated tumor regression.
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Hypoxia can directly upregulate expression of various cellular immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, in the tumor microenvironment.
“Hypoxia can directly upregulate the expression of various cellular immune checkpoints (such as programmed cell death‐ligand 1, PD‐L1) in the TME.”
From Hypoxia signaling in cancer: Implications for therapeutic interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- Chen, X., Zhao, J., Herjan, T., Hong, L., Liao, Y., Liu, C., Vasu, K., Wang, H., Thompson, A., Fox, P. L., Gastman, B. R., Li, X., & Li, X.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Xiao
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2022-04-07
- Volume
- 219
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC8996325
- OpenAlex
- W4223568730
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5P01CA062220, 5P01 HL103453, 1R01HL144497-01A1)
- Paul Fox Endowed Chair
- Case Western Reserve University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- IL-17, HIF-1α, anti-PD-L1 resistance, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune exclusion, collagen deposition, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Act1, 3' untranslated region, mRNA translation, antitumor immunity, cytotoxic T cell infiltration
- MeSH terms
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Animals, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, RNA, Messenger, Skin Neoplasms, Interleukin-17, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, B7-H1 Antigen
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