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The Relationship between Basal Metabolic Rate and Daily Energy Expenditure in Birds and Mammals
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We examined the relationship between daily energy expenditure (DEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in birds and mammals. Two models of the relationship between DEE and BMR were distinguished: a "shared pathways" model in which DEE replaces BMR in the active organism and a "partitioned pathways" model in which DEE includes BMR-that is, BMR is separate from the metabolic pathways that result in activity metabolism (ACT), and DEE = ACT + BMR. The appropriate null hypotheses for the relationship between basal and active metabolism are rDEE· BMR = 0 and rACT· BMR = 0, respectively. Correlations of the residuals (d and b) of the logarithms of DEE and BMR from their allometric regressions with the logarithm of body mass were tested against these null models. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts, we found no significant relationship between DEE and BMR in birds, but a strong relationship (rdb = 0.86) among mammals. Thus, the hypothesis that sustained working capacity is related to basal metabolism is supported for mammals but not for birds. Residuals of metabolic variables from allometric regressions on body mass were greater for mammals than for birds and suggest that mammals are more diversified in their energetic physiology. The idea that sustainable energy expenditure may be pushed to physiological limits in mammals but not in birds is not supported, however, because the ratio of DEE to BMR has a somewhat lower mean and greater variance in mammals compared to birds. The n…
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“In contrast to mammals, BMR and field metabolic rates may not be strongly correlated in birds, especially during breeding (Koteja 1991; Ricklefs et al. 1996).”
From Metabolic costs of brain size evolution (2006) · cites this paper as Ricklefs et al. 1996
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Swanson, D. L., McKechnie, A. E., & Vézina, F. (2017) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-017-1096-3 · Cited by 80
Linking patterns in macroecology
Blackburn, T. M., & Gaston, K. J. (2001) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00484.x · Cited by 78
Thermoregulation in endotherms: physiological principles and ecological consequences
Rezende, E. L., & Bacigalupe, L. D. (2015) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-015-0909-5 · Cited by 83
“Estimating where these limits lie remains a major challenge, because (i) FMR measures do not necessarily constitute maximum sustainable levels of energy expenditure (Ricklefs et al. 1996), (ii) energy is allocated to multiple processes apart from heat production and (iii) heat generated as a byproduct of other activit…”
BackgroundEnergy Costs of Growth in Neonate Reptiles
Nagy, K. A. (2000) · Herpetological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1467052 · Cited by 75
12. SELECTION EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF PERFORMANCE AND PHYSIOLOGY
Swallow, J. G., Hayes, J. P., Koteja, P., & Garland, J. (2019) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520944473-013 · Cited by 73
Reid, D. J., Armstrong, J. D., & Metcalfe, N. B. (2011) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01894.x · Cited by 73
Welcker, J., Speakman, J. R., Elliott, K. H., Hatch, S. A., & Kitaysky, A. S. (2014) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12321 · Cited by 72
Somjee, U., Woods, H. A., Duell, M. E., & Miller, C. W. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1685 · Cited by 72
Pagano, A. M., & Williams, T. M. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5053 · Cited by 70
Alternative foraging tactics and risk taking in brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Farwell, M., & McLaughlin, R. L. (2009) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arp059 · Cited by 67
Schmid, J., & Speakman, J. R. (2009) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-009-0515-z · Cited by 65
“living animals (Nagy 1987; Ricklefs et al. 1996).”
BackgroundRisso's dolphins alter daily resting pattern in response to whale watching at the Azores
Visser, F., Hartman, K. L., Rood, E. J. J., Hendriks, A. J. E., Zult, D., Wolff, W. J., Huisman, J., & Pierce, G. J. (2010) · Marine Mammal Science · doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00398.x · Cited by 68
“…result in reduced energy reserves and can negatively affect foraging and reproductive success, an effect that has been found throughout the animal kingdom including fish, birds, and marine mammals (e.g., Ricklefs et al. 1996, Grantner and Taborsky 1998, Frid and Dill 2002, Williams et al. 2006).”
BackgroundGębczyński, A. K., & Konarzewski, M. (2009) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01734.x · Cited by 65
“Moreover, birds and mammals spend about 20 times as much energy on a daily basis as reptiles (Nagy et al., 1999) and nearly 30% of it results from basal metabolism – BMR (Koteja, 1991; Ricklefs et al., 1996).”
BackgroundSelf-citationArtificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major)
Welbers, A. A. M. H., van Dis, N. E., Kolvoort, A. M., Ouyang, J. Q., Visser, M. E., Spoelstra, K., & Dominoni, D. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00055 · Cited by 63
“Body mass explains most of the variation in DEE between and within species (Ricklefs et al., 1996; Nagy, 2005).”
BackgroundAvian Energetics, Ecology, and Evolution
Ricklefs, R. E. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0425-8_1 · Cited by 63
Self-citationCauses and significance of variation in mammalian basal metabolism
Raichlen, D. A., Gordon, A. D., Muchlinski, M. N., & Snodgrass, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-009-0399-4 · Cited by 63
“Since BMR constitutes a major portion of total energy expenditures (approximately 30% of total energy expenditure; Ricklefs et al. 1996), variation in BMR may have signiWcant implications for mammalian evolution.”
BackgroundBasal Metabolic Rate of Canidae from Hot Deserts to Cold Arctic Climates
Careau, V., Morand-Ferron, J., & Thomas, D. (2007) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1644/06-mamm-a-111r1.1 · Cited by 57
“It should be noted that for a given insulation value, increasing the BMR has the effect of broadening the thermoneutral zone and extending the lower limit to colder ambient temperatures (Schmidt-Nielsen 1997).”
BackgroundMorphometry of the Digestive Tracts of Some Passerine Birds
Ricklefs, R. E. (1996) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.2307/1369146 · Cited by 61
Self-citationLimits to sustained energy intake
Speakman, J. R., Gidney, A., Bett, J., Mitchell, I. P., & Johnson, M. S. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.204.11.1957 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Ricklefs, R. E., Konarzewski, M., & Daan, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- The American Naturalist
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1996-06
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1047-1071
- ISSN
- 0003-0147 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5323
- OpenAlex
- W1980038648
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 9.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.rug.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The American Naturalist (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Uniwersytet Warszawski
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- basal metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure, birds, mammals, allometry, body mass, phylogenetically independent contrasts, metabolic pathways
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