The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microwave Interstellar Medium Emission Observed by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
Open accessAbstract
We investigate the nature of the diffuse Galactic emission in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) temperature anisotropy data. Substantial dust-correlated emission is observed at all WMAP frequencies, far exceeding the expected thermal dust emission in the lowest frequency channels (23, 33, and 41 GHz). The WMAP team interprets this emission as dust-correlated synchrotron radiation, attributing the correlation to the natural association of relativistic electrons produced by supernovae (SNe) with massive star formation in dusty clouds, and deriving an upper limit of 5% on the contribution of Draine & Lazarian spinning dust to the K band (23 GHz). We pursue an alternative interpretation that much, perhaps most, of the dust-correlated emission at these frequencies is indeed spinning dust, and explore the spectral dependence on environment by considering a few specific objects as well as the full-sky average. Models similar to Draine & Lazarian spinning dust provide a good fit to the full-sky data. The full-sky fit also requires a significant component with a flat spectrum uncorrelated with Hα, possibly hot (~10 6 K) gas within 30° of the Galactic center.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It is found that the spectral index, β , (brightness temperature, Tb ∝ ν -β ) for the Loop-I is ≃ 3 (Finkbeiner 2004; Davies et al. 2006; Dobler & Finkbeiner 2008), indicating a CR electron index of p ≃ 3 at the high latitudes (following p = 2 β -3 for synchrotron emission).”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Finkbeiner 2004
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., & Flannery, B. P. (1994) · Cited by 15,411
Schlegel, D. J., Finkbeiner, D. P., & Davis, M. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305772 · Cited by 15,126
Self-citationSpergel, D. N., Verde, L., Peiris, H. V., Komatsu, E., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377226 · Cited by 10,976
Optical properties of interstellar graphite and silicate grains
Draine, B. T., & Lee, H. M. (1984) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/162480 · Cited by 3,291
Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium
Spitzer, L. (1998) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527617722 · Cited by 2,099
The Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum from the Full COBE FIRAS Data Set
Fixsen, D. J., Cheng, E. S., Gales, J. M., Mather, J. C., Shafer, R. A., & Wright, E. L. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/178173 · Cited by 1,780 · cited 1×
“…often been assumed in the literature (e.g., Draine & Lee 1984; SFD98), but when dust temperature variation is accounted for, the COBE FIRAS data (Fixsen et al. 1996) are better fitted by a steeper power law emissivity ( ¼ 2:6) near the peak and ¼ 1:7 at lower frequencies, with a break at about…”
BackgroundPhysical Processes in the Interstellar Medium
Spitzer, L., & Jura, M. (1978) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2995108 · Cited by 997
First‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Foreground Emission
Bennett, C. L., Hill, R. S., Hinshaw, G., Nolta, M. R., Odegard, N., Page, L., Spergel, D. N., Weiland, J. L., Wright, E. L., Halpern, M., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377252 · Cited by 991
First‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: The Angular Power Spectrum
Hinshaw, G. F., Spergel, D. N., Verde, L., Hill, R., Meyer, S. S., Barnes, C., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377225 · Cited by 882
Finkbeiner, D. P., Davis, M., & Schlegel, D. J. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307852 · Cited by 589
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 46 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gorski, K. M, Hivon, E. & Wandelt, B. D. 1999, in MPA/ESO Cosmology Conf., Evolution of Large-Scale Structure, ed. A. J. Banday, R. K. Sheth, & L. N. da Costa (Garching: ESO), 37
- Haslam C. G. T., 1982, A&AS, 47, 1
- Hildebrand, R. & Kirby, L. 2003 in ASP Conf. Ser. 309, Astrophysics of Dust, ed. A. N. Witt, G. C. Clayton, & B. T. Draine (San Francisco: ASP), 515
Cited by
Sorted by citations
NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: FINAL MAPS AND RESULTS
Bennett, C. L., Larson, D., Weiland, J. L., Jarosik, N., Hinshaw, G., Odegard, N., Smith, K. M., Hill, R. S., Gold, B., Halpern, M., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20 · Cited by 2,639
Nima Arkani-hamed, A., Finkbeiner, D. P., Slatyer, T. R., & Weiner, N. (2009) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.79.015014 · Cited by 1,660
Self-citationThree‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Polarization Analysis
Page, L. A., Hinshaw, G. F., Komatsu, E., Nolta, M. R., Spergel, D. N., Bennett, C. L., Barnes, C., Bean, R., Doré, O., Dunkley, J., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/513699 · Cited by 1,707
GIANT GAMMA-RAY BUBBLES FROM FERMI-LAT: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY OR BIPOLAR GALACTIC WIND?
Su, M., Slatyer, T., & Finkbeiner, D. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/724/2/1044 · Cited by 756
Self-citationWIMP dark matter candidates and searches—current status and future prospects
Roszkowski, L., Sessolo, E. M., & Trojanowski, S. (2018) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aab913 · Cited by 653
Metadata
- Authors
- Finkbeiner, D. P.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Finkbeiner, Douglas P.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2004-10-10
- Volume
- 614
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 186-193
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2069293946
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 6.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAG512972, 12972)
- Princeton University
- Goddard Space Flight Center
- Astrophysics Division
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- Galactic diffuse emission, spinning dust, synchrotron radiation, supernova remnants, massive star formation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review