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Cited by 130Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityReproductive tract infections researchImmunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders

Frequency of interleukin-4 (IL-4) -589 gene polymorphism and vaginal concentrations of IL-4, nitric oxide, and mannose-binding lectin in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

Babula, O., Lazdane, G., Kroica, J., Linhares, I. M., Ledger, W. J., Witkin, S. S.·2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1086/429246
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: A C-->T substitution at position -589 in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene is associated with increased production of IL-4. Associations between this polymorphism and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), as well as vaginal concentrations of IL-4 and the anticandidal compounds nitric oxide (NO) and mannose binding lectin (MBL), were evaluated. METHODS: Vaginal samples obtained by lavage from 42 women with RVVC during the acute stage of the disease and 43 control samples were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-4 and NO metabolites. The -589 IL-4 gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman rank correlation. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Candida albicans was identified in 38 patients with RVVC; 3 others had infection due to Candida tropicalis, and 1 had infection due to Candida krusei. The IL-4 T,T genotype was detected in 59.5% of patients with RVVC and in 7.0% of control subjects (P < .0001). The frequency of IL-4*T was 76.2% in patients with RVVC and 23.3% in control subjects (P < .0001). The median concentration of vaginal IL-4 was elevated in patients with RVVC, compared with control subjects (P < .0001). Conversely, vaginal concentrations of NO metabolites (P = .02) and MBL (P < .0001) were reduced in patients with RVVC. There was a positive association between IL-4*T homozygosity and vaginal IL-4 levels (P < .0001) and negative associations between this genotype and vaginal NO (P = .01) and MBL (P < .0001) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced vaginal levels of anticandidal factors in IL-4*T homozygotes may increase susceptibility to RVVC.

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Crossref · 10.1086/429246

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  • Polymorphisms in several cytokines are associated with susceptibility to specific fungal diseases: aspergillosis with IL-1, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-23; candidiasis with IL-4; paracoccidioidomycosis with IL-4; and blastomycosis with IL-6.

    “polymorphisms in a number of cytokines have also been found to predispose to fungal disease: aspergillosis (IL-1 [30], IL-10 [31,32], IL-15 [32], and IL-23); candidiasis (IL-4) [33,34]; paracoccidioidomycosis (IL-4) [35]; and blastomycosis (IL-6) [36].”

    From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [34]

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Authors
Babula, O., Lazdane, G., Kroica, J., Linhares, I. M., Ledger, W. J., & Witkin, S. S.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
Witkin, S. S.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2005-05-01
Volume
40
Issue
9
Pages
1258-1262
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1086/429246
OpenAlex
W2133506666
Cited by
130
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI
2.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Keywords
IL-4, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, nitric oxide, mannose-binding lectin, Candida albicans, genetic susceptibility
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Alleles, Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal, Female, Genotype, Homozygote, Humans, Nitric Oxide, Vagina, Interleukin-4, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Mannose-Binding Lectin

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