Cited by 283HIV Research and TreatmentHIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

Prospective study of acute HIV-1 infection in adults in East Africa and Thailand.

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Robb, Merlin L., Eller, Leigh A., Kibuuka, Hannah, Rono, Kathleen, Maganga, Lucas, Nitayaphan, Sorachai, Kroon, Eugene, Sawe, Fred K. +21 more·2016·New England Journal of Medicine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major contributor to transmission of HIV-1. An understanding of acute HIV-1 infection may be important in the development of treatment strategies to eradicate HIV-1 or achieve a functional cure. METHODS: We performed twice-weekly qualitative plasma HIV-1 RNA nucleic acid testing in 2276 volunteers who were at high risk for HIV-1 infection. For participants in whom acute HIV-1 infection was detected, clinical observations, quantitative measurements of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (to assess viremia) and HIV antibodies, and results of immunophenotyping of lymphocytes were obtained twice weekly. RESULTS: Fifty of 112 volunteers with acute HIV-1 infection had two or more blood samples collected before HIV-1 antibodies were detected. The median peak viremia (6.7 log10 copies per milliliter) occurred 13 days after the first sample showed reactivity on nucleic acid testing. Reactivity on an enzyme immunoassay occurred at a median of 14 days. The nadir of viremia (4.3 log10 copies per milliliter) occurred at a median of 31 days and was nearly equivalent to the viral-load set point, the steady-state viremia that persists durably after resolution of acute viremia (median plasma HIV-1 RNA level, 4.4 log10 copies per milliliter). The peak viremia and downslope were correlated with the viral-load set point. Clinical manifestations of acute HIV-1 infection were most common just before and at the time of peak viremia. A median of one symptom of acute HIV-1 infection was recorded at a median of two study visits, and a median of one sign of acute HIV-1 infection was recorded at a median of three visits. CONCLUSIONS: The viral-load set point occurred at a median of 31 days after the first detection of plasma viremia and correlated with peak viremia. Few symptoms and signs were observed during acute HIV-1 infection, and they were most common before peak viremia. (Funded by the Department of Defense and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.).

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  • Infection with HIV causes an acute but brief and nonspecific influenza-like retroviral syndrome that can include fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, arthritis, or skin rash.

    “Infection with HIV causes an acute but brief and nonspecific influenza-like retroviral syndrome that can include fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, arthritis, or skin rash.”

    From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [408]

    The Results (Clinical Presentation; page unavailable) report fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy during acute HIV-1 infection, with findings that waned quickly. The Discussion describes the signs and symptoms as nonspecific and resolving quickly. Our copy does not identify pharyngitis, arthritis, or skin rash as manifestations, so it does not support the full symptom list. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Most persons experience at least one symptom of acute HIV infection; however, some might be asymptomatic or have no recognition of illness.

    “Most persons experience at least one symptom; however, some might be asymptomatic or have no recognition of illness (406–409).”

    From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [408]

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Authors
Robb, M. L., Eller, L. A., Kibuuka, H., Rono, K., Maganga, L., Nitayaphan, S., Kroon, E., Sawe, F. K., Sinei, S., Sriplienchan, S., Jagodzinski, L. L., Malia, J., Manak, M., de Souza, M. S., Tovanabutra, S., Sanders-Buell, E., Rolland, M., Dorsey-Spitz, J., Eller, M. A., Milazzo, M., Li, Q., Lewandowski, A., Wu, H., Swann, E., O’Connell, R. J., Peel, S., Dawson, P., Kim, J. H., & Michael, N. L.
Affiliations
  • Henry M. Jackson Foundation (US)
  • Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (TH)
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Published
2016-06-02
Volume
374
Issue
22
Pages
2120-2130
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
OpenAlex
W2402980652
Cited by
283
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 14
FWCI
23.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (n01ai002642-013)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Y01 AI002642, Y1-AI-2642-17)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords
acute HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 viremia, viral load set point, HIV-1 viral load, HIV-1 antibodies, clinical symptoms and signs, HIV transmission, functional cure, East Africa, Thailand
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Eastern, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, RNA, Viral, Thailand, Viremia, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Disease Progression, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Viral Load

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