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Cited by 615

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1209–2004

Clark, Gregory·2005·Journal of Political Economy
DOI 10.1086/498123
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Abstract

I use building workers’ wages for 1209–2004 and the skill premium to consider the causes and consequences of the Industrial Revolution. Real wages were trendless before 1800, as would be predicted for the Malthusian era. Comparing wages with population, however, suggests that the break from the technological stagnation of the Malthusian era came around 1640, long before the classic Industrial Revolution, and even before the arrival of modern democracy in 1689. Building wages also conflict with human capital interpretations of the Industrial Revolution, as modeled by Gary Becker, Kevin Murphy, and Robert Tamura; Oded Galor and David Weil; and Robert Lucas. Human capital accumulation began when the rewards for skills were unchanged and when fertility was increasing.

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Metadata

Authors
Clark, G.
Venue
Journal of Political Economy
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Published
2005-12
Volume
113
Issue
6
Pages
1307-1340
ISSN
  • 0022-3808 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-534X
DOI
10.1086/498123
OpenAlex
W2100855677
Cited by
615
References
30
FWCI
46.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1209–2004. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/498123
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Clark, G. (2005). The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1209–2004. Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1086/498123

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.