Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert. I. Upper Scorpius

Kraus, Adam L.; Ireland, Michael J.; Martinache, Frantz; Lloyd, James P.

doi:10.1086/587435

Cited by 207Stellar, planetary, and galactic studiesAstrophysics and Star Formation StudiesAstronomy and Astrophysical Research

Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert. I. Upper Scorpius

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Kraus, Adam L., Ireland, Michael J., Martinache, Frantz, Lloyd, James P.·2008·The Astrophysical Journal

DOI 10.1086/587435

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Abstract

We present the results of a survey for stellar and substellar companions to 82 young stars in the nearby OB association Upper Scorpius. This survey used nonredundant aperture mask interferometry to achieve typical contrast limits of Δ K ∼ 5–6 at the diffraction limit, revealing 12 new binary companions that lay below the detection limits of traditional high-resolution imaging; we also summarize a complementary snapshot imaging survey that discovered seven directly resolved companions. The overall frequency of binary companions (~35 −4 +5 % at separations of 6-435 AU) appears to be equivalent to field stars of similar mass, but companions could be more common among lower mass stars than for the field. The companion mass function has statistically significant differences compared to several suggested mass functions for the field, and we suggest an alternate lognormal parameterization of the mass function. Our survey limits encompass the entire brown dwarf mass range, but we only detected a single companion that might be a brown dwarf; this deficit resembles the so-called brown dwarf desert that has been observed by radial velocity planet searches. Finally, our survey's deep detection limits extend into the top of the planetary mass function, reaching 8-12 M Jup for half of our sample. We have not identified any planetary companions at high confidence (≳99.5%), but we have identified four candidate companions at lower confidence (≳97.5%) that merit additional follow-up to confirm or disprove their existence.

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Duchêne, G., & Kraus, A. L. (2013) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102602 · Cited by 1,353 · see citing works
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The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au
Nielsen, E. L., Rosa, R. J. D., Macintosh, B., Wang, J., Ruffio, J.-B., Chiang, E., Marley, M. S., Saumon, D., Savransky, D., Ammons, S. M., et al. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab16e9 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
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LkCa 15: A YOUNG EXOPLANET CAUGHT AT FORMATION?
Kraus, A. L., & Ireland, M. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/5 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
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How to Constrain Your M Dwarf. II. The Mass–Luminosity–Metallicity Relation from 0.075 to 0.70 Solar Masses
Mann, A. W., Dupuy, T., Kraus, A. L., Gaidos, E. J., Ansdell, M., Ireland, M., Rizzuto, A. C., Hung, C.-L., Dittmann, J., Factor, S. M., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf3bc · Cited by 367 · see citing works
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MAPPING THE SHORES OF THE BROWN DWARF DESERT. II. MULTIPLE STAR FORMATION IN TAURUS-AURIGA
Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M. J., Martinache, F., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/731/1/8 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
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THE VLA NASCENT DISK AND MULTIPLICITY SURVEY OF PERSEUS PROTOSTARS (VANDAM). II. MULTIPLICITY OF PROTOSTARS IN THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD
Tobin, J. J., Looney, L. W., Li, Z., Chandler, C. J., Dunham, M. M., Segura-Cox, D. M., Sadavoy, S., Melis, C., Harris, R. J., Kratter, K. M., et al. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/818/1/73 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
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Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M., Hillenbrand, L. A., & Martinache, F. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/19 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
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THE IMPACT OF STELLAR MULTIPLICITY ON PLANETARY SYSTEMS. I. THE RUINOUS INFLUENCE OF CLOSE BINARY COMPANIONS
Kraus, A., Ireland, M., Huber, D., Mann, A., & Dupuy, T. (2016) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/1/8 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
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The Close Binary Fraction of Solar-type Stars Is Strongly Anticorrelated with Metallicity
Moe, M., Kratter, K. M., & Badenes, C. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0d88 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Inverse dynamical population synthesis
Marks, M., & Kroupa, P. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118231 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
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Metchev, S., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/181/1/62 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
ZODIACAL EXOPLANETS IN TIME (ZEIT). III. A SHORT-PERIOD PLANET ORBITING A PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR IN THE UPPER SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION
Mann, A. W., Newton, E. R., Rizzuto, A. C., Irwin, J., Feiden, G. A., Gaidos, E. J., Mace, G. N., Kraus, A. L., James, D. J., Ansdell, M., et al. (2016) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/61 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
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They are small worlds after all: revised properties ofKeplerM dwarf stars and their planets
Gaidos, E. J., Mann, A. W., Kraus, A. L., & Ireland, M. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw097 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
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GIANT PLANET MIGRATION, DISK EVOLUTION, AND THE ORIGIN OF TRANSITIONAL DISKS
Alexander, R. D., & Armitage, P. J. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/704/2/989 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
TWO WIDE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS TO SOLAR-TYPE STARS IN UPPER SCORPIUS
Ireland, M., Kraus, A., Martinache, F., Law, N. M., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/726/2/113 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
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PALM-3000: EXOPLANET ADAPTIVE OPTICS FOR THE 5 m HALE TELESCOPE
Dekany, R. G., Roberts, J. E., Burruss, R., Bouchez, A. H., Truong, T. N., Baranec, C. J., Guiwits, S. R., Hale, D., Angione, J. R., Trinh, T. Q., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/776/2/130 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
THE COEVALITY OF YOUNG BINARY SYSTEMS
Kraus, A. L., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/704/1/531 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
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Subtle Signatures of Multiplicity in Late‐type Dwarf Spectra: The Unresolved M8.5 + T5 Binary 2MASS J03202839−0446358
Burgasser, A. J., Liu, M. C., Ireland, M., Cruz, K. L., & Dupuy, T. J. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/588379 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
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On the evolution of a star cluster and its multiple stellar systems following gas dispersal
Moeckel, N., & Bate, M. R. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16347.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Spectral and atmospheric characterization of 51 Eridani b using VLT/SPHERE
Samland, M., Mollière, P., Bonnefoy, M., Maire, A.-L., Cantalloube, F., Cheetham, A. C., Mesa, D., Gratton, R., Biller, B. A., Wahhaj, Z., et al. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629767 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
ZODIACAL EXOPLANETS IN TIME (ZEIT). IV. SEVEN TRANSITING PLANETS IN THE PRAESEPE CLUSTER
Mann, A. W., Gaidos, E. J., Vanderburg, A. M., Rizzuto, A. C., Ansdell, M., Medina, J., Mace, G. N., Kraus, A. L., & Sokal, K. R. (2017) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/aa5276 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
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Interferometric radii of bright Kepler stars with the CHARA Array: θ Cygni and 16 Cygni A and B
White, T. R., Huber, D., Maestro, V., Bedding, T. R., Ireland, M., Baron, F., Boyajian, T. S., Che, X., Monnier, J. D., Pope, B. J. S., et al. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt802 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
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Impact of binary stars on planet statistics – I. Planet occurrence rates and trends with stellar mass
Moe, M., & Kratter, K. M. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2328 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Formation of close binaries by disc fragmentation and migration, and its statistical modelling
Tokovinin, A. A., & Moe, M. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3299 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
THREE WIDE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS TO FW TAU, ROXs 12, AND ROXs 42B
Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M., Cieza, L. A., Hinkley, S., Dupuy, T. J., Bowler, B. P., & Liu, M. C. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/781/1/20 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
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EMPIRICAL ISOCHRONES FOR LOW MASS STARS IN NEARBY YOUNG ASSOCIATIONS
(沈雷歌), G. J. H., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/808/1/23 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A Large‐Area Search for Low‐Mass Objects in Upper Scorpius. II. Age and Mass Distributions
Slesnick, C. L., Hillenbrand, L. A., & Carpenter, J. M. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/592265 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Close Companions around Young Stars
Kounkel, M., Covey, K. R., Moe, M., Kratter, K. M., Suárez, G., Stassun, K. G., Román-Zúñiga, C., Hernandez, J., Kim, J. S., Ramírez, K. P., et al. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab13b1 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
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A DISK AROUND THE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION GSC 06214-00210 b: CLUES ABOUT THE FORMATION OF GAS GIANTS ON WIDE ORBITS
Bowler, B. P., Liu, M. C., Kraus, A. L., Mann, A. W., & Ireland, M. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/743/2/148 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
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On the Diversity of Asymmetries in Gapped Protoplanetary Disks
van der Marel, N., Birnstiel, T., Garufi, A., Ragusa, E., Christiaens, V., Price, D. J., Sallum, S., Muley, D., Francis, L., & Dong, R. (2020) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abc3ba · Cited by 121 · see citing works
ACCRETION ONTO PLANETARY MASS COMPANIONS OF LOW-MASS YOUNG STARS
Zhou, Y., Herczeg, G. J., Kraus, A. L., Metchev, S., & Cruz, K. L. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/783/1/l17 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
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KEPLER-445,KEPLER-446 AND THE OCCURRENCE OF COMPACT MULTIPLES ORBITING MID-M DWARF STARS
Muirhead, P. S., Mann, A. W., Vanderburg, A. M., Morton, T. D., Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M., Swift, J. J., Feiden, G. A., Gaidos, E. J., & Gazak, J. Z. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/801/1/18 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
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UNUSUALLY WIDE BINARIES: ARE THEY WIDE OR UNUSUAL?
Kraus, A. L., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/703/2/1511 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
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SUBARU IMAGING OF ASYMMETRIC FEATURES IN A TRANSITIONAL DISK IN UPPER SCORPIUS
Mayama, S., Hashimoto, J., Muto, T., Tsukagoshi, T., Kusakabe, N., Kuzuhara, M., Takahashi, Y., Kudo, T., Dong, R., Fukagawa, M., et al. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/760/2/l26 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Shadows and asymmetries in the T Tauri disk HD 143006: evidence for a misaligned inner disk
Benisty, M., Juhász, A., Facchini, S., Pinilla, P., de Boer, J., Pérez, L. M., Keppler, M., Muro-Arena, G. A., Villenave, M., Andrews, S., et al. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833913 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
KERNEL PHASE IN FIZEAU INTERFEROMETRY
Martinache, F. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/724/1/464 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
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Multiple rings in the transition disk and companion candidates around RX J1615.3-3255
de Boer, J., Salter, G. S., Benisty, M., Vigan, A., Boccaletti, A., Pinilla, P., Ginski, C., Juhász, A., Maire, A.-L., Messina, S., et al. (2016) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629267 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Age Determination in Upper Scorpius with Eclipsing Binaries
David, T. J., Hillenbrand, L. A., Gillen, E., Cody, A. M., Howell, S. B., Isaacson, H. T., & Livingston, J. H. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aafe09 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). X. Multiple Rings, a Misaligned Inner Disk, and a Bright Arc in the Disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
Pérez, L. M., Benisty, M., Andrews, S. M., Isella, A., Dullemond, C. P., Huang, J., Kurtovic, N. T., Guzmán, V. V., Zhu, Z., Birnstiel, T., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaf745 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. XXVIII. THE MULTIPLICITY FRACTION OF NEARBY STARS FROM 5 TO 70 AU AND THE BROWN DWARF DESERT AROUND M DWARFS
Dieterich, S. B., Henry, T. J., Golimowski, D. A., Krist, J. E., & Tanner, A. M. (2012) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/2/64 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Origin and Evolution of Transition Discs: Successes, Problems, and Open Questions
Owen, J. E. (2016) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia · doi:10.1017/pasa.2016.2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Exploring the consequences of pairing algorithms for binary stars
Kouwenhoven, M. B. N., Brown, A. G. A., Goodwin, S. P., Zwart, S. P., & Kaper, L. (2008) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810234 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
COMPARISON OF THE DUST AND GAS RADIAL STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSITION DISK [PZ99] J160421.7-213028
Zhang, K., Isella, A., Carpenter, J. M., & Blake, G. A. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/791/1/42 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
MAPPING THE SHORES OF THE BROWN DWARF DESERT. III. YOUNG MOVING GROUPS
Evans, T. M., Ireland, M., Kraus, A. L., Martinache, F., Stewart, P. N., Tuthill, P., Lacour, S., Carpenter, J. M., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/744/2/120 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
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Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for high-contrast imaging
Jovanovic, N., Tuthill, P., Norris, B. R. M., Gross, S., Stewart, P., Charles, N., Lacour, S., Ams, M., Lawrence, J. S., Lehmann, A., et al. (2012) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21997.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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Phase errors in diffraction-limited imaging: contrast limits for sparse aperture masking
Ireland, M. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt859 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
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The (w)hole survey: An unbiased sample study of transition disk candidates based onSpitzercatalogs
van der Marel, N., Verhaar, B. W., van Terwisga, S. E., Merín, B., Herczeg, G. J., Ligterink, N. F. W., & van Dishoeck, E. F. (2016) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628075 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
KECK LASER GUIDE STAR ADAPTIVE OPTICS MONITORING OF THE M8+L7 BINARY LHS 2397aAB: FIRST DYNAMICAL MASS BENCHMARK AT THE L/T TRANSITION
Dupuy, T., Liu, M. C., & Ireland, M. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/699/1/168 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
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Direct imaging and astrometric detection of a gas giant planet orbiting an accelerating star
Currie, T., Brandt, G., Brandt, T., Lacy, B., Burrows, A., Guyon, O., Tamura, M., Liu, R. Y., Sagynbayeva, S., Tobin, T., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abo6192 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
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Age Determination in Upper Scorpius with Eclipsing Binaries
David, T. J., Hillenbrand, L. A., Gillen, E., Cody, A. M., Howell, S. B., Isaacson, H. T., & Livingston, J. H. (2019) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.39397 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON COMPANIONS INSIDE OF 10 AU IN THE HR 8799 PLANETARY SYSTEM
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AN ALMA CONTINUUM SURVEY OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS IN THE UPPER SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION
Carpenter, J. M., Ricci, L., & Isella, A. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/787/1/42 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
MULTIPLE STAR FORMATION TO THE BOTTOM OF THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION
Kraus, A. L., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/757/2/141 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
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DISCOVERY OF A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION TO THE NEARBY DEBRIS DISK HOST HR 2562
Konopacky, Q., Rameau, J., Duchêne, G., Filippazzo, J., Godfrey, P. A. G., Marois, C., Nielsen, E. L., Pueyo, L. A., Rafikov, R. R., Rice, E. L., et al. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8205/829/1/l4 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Asymmetric Pupil Fourier Wavefront SensorPreprint
Martinache, F. (2013) · Cited by 74 · see citing works
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Variable Outer Disk Shadowing around the Dipper Star RXJ1604.3–2130*
Pinilla, P., Benisty, M., de Boer, J., Manara, C. F., Bouvier, J., Dominik, C., Ginski, C., Loomis, R. A., & Aguilar, A. S. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae824 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Are inner disc misalignments common? ALMA reveals an isotropic outer disc inclination distribution for young dipper stars
Ansdell, M., Gaidos, E. J., Hedges, C., Tazzari, M., Kraus, A. L., Wyatt, M. C., Kennedy, G. M., Williams, J. P., Mann, A. W., Angelo, I., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3361 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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880 μm IMAGING OF A TRANSITIONAL DISK IN UPPER SCORPIUS: HOLDOVER FROM THE ERA OF GIANT PLANET FORMATION?
Mathews, G. S., Williams, J. P., & Ménard, F. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/753/1/59 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Asymmetric Pupil Fourier Wavefront Sensor
Martinache, F. (2013) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/670670 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
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Direct-imaging Discovery and Dynamical Mass of a Substellar Companion Orbiting an Accelerating Hyades Sun-like Star with SCExAO/CHARIS*
Kuzuhara, M., Currie, T., Takarada, T., Brandt, T. D., Sato, B., Uyama, T., Janson, M., Chilcote, J., Tobin, T., Lawson, K., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac772f · Cited by 69 · see citing works
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New Young Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius Association∗
Luhman, K. L., Herrmann, K. A., Mamajek, E. E., Esplin, T. L., & Pecaut, M. J. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aacc6d · Cited by 69 · see citing works
THE κ ANDROMEDAE SYSTEM: NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE COMPANION MASS, SYSTEM AGE, AND FURTHER MULTIPLICITY
Hinkley, S., Pueyo, L. A., Faherty, J. K., Oppenheimer, R., Mamajek, E. E., Kraus, A. L., Rice, E. L., Ireland, M., David, T. J., Hillenbrand, L. A., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/779/2/153 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
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The SEEDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets Around Young Stellar Objects
Uyama, T., Hashimoto, J., Kuzuhara, M., Mayama, S., Akiyama, E., Currie, T., Livingston, J. H., Kudo, T., Kusakabe, N., Abe, L., et al. (2017) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/3/106 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). X. Multiple Rings, a Misaligned Inner Disk, and a Bright Arc in the Disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
Pérez, L. M., Benisty, M., Andrews, S. M., Isella, A., Dellemond, C. P., Huang, J., Kurtovic, N. T., Guzmán, V. V., Zhu, Z., Birnstiel, T., et al. (2018) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks
Villenave, M., Benisty, M., Dent, W. R. F., Ménard, F., Garufi, A., Ginski, C., Pinilla, P., Pinte, C., Williams, J. P., de Boer, J., et al. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834800 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The properties of discs around planets and brown dwarfs as evidence for disc fragmentation
Stamatellos, D., & Herczeg, G. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv526 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Transiting the Late-type M Dwarf LP 791-18
Crossfield, I. J. M., Waalkes, W. C., Newton, E. R., Narita, N., Muirhead, P. S., Ment, K., Matthews, E. C., Kraus, A. L., Kostov, V., Kosiarek, M., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d30 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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DISCOVERY OF A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION TO THE NEARBY DEBRIS DISK HOST HR 2562
Konopacky, Q. M., Rameau, J., Duchêne, G., Filippazzo, J. C., Godfrey, P. A. G., Marois, C., Nielsen, E. L., Pueyo, L. A., Rafikov, R. R., Rice, E. L., et al. (2016) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 62 · see citing works
AN ADAPTIVE OPTICS MULTIPLICITY CENSUS OF YOUNG STARS IN UPPER SCORPIUS
Lafreniére, D., Jayawardhana, R., van Kerkwijk, M. H., Brandeker, A., & Janson, M. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/785/1/47 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
DISCOVERY OF SEVEN COMPANIONS TO INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS WITH EXTREME MASS RATIOS IN THE SCORPIUS–CENTAURUS ASSOCIATION
Hinkley, S., Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M., Cheetham, A. C., Carpenter, J. M., Tuthill, P., Lacour, S., Evans, T. M., & Haubois, X. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/806/1/l9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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DYNAMICAL MASSES OF YOUNG STARS. I. DISCORDANT MODEL AGES OF UPPER SCORPIUS
Rizzuto, A. C., Ireland, M., Dupuy, T. J., & Kraus, A. L. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/817/2/164 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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SPOTS: The Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars
Bonavita, M., Desidera, S., Thalmann, C., Janson, M., Vigan, A., Chauvin, G., & Lannier, J. (2016) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628231 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Spin-orbit angle distribution and the origin of (mis)aligned hot Jupiters
Crida, A., & Batygin, K. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323292 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The optical + infrared L dwarf spectral sequence of young planetary-mass objects in the Upper Scorpius association
Lodieu, N., Osorio, M. R. Z., Béjar, V. J. S., & Ramírez, K. P. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2279 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
MAPPING THE SHORES OF THE BROWN DWARF DESERT. IV. OPHIUCHUS
Cheetham, A. C., Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M., Cieza, L. A., Rizzuto, A. C., & Tuthill, P. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/813/2/83 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 10/09/06 MAPPING THE SHORES OF THE BROWN DWARF DESERT, I: UPPER SCORPIUSPreprint
Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M. J., Martinache, F., & Lloyd, J. P. (2008)
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Authors: Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M. J., Martinache, F., & Lloyd, J. P.
Affiliations: California Institute of Technology (US)
Cornell University (US)
ORCID: Kraus, Adam L.
Ireland, Michael J.
Martinache, Frantz
Lloyd, James P.
Venue: The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Published: 2008-05-20
Volume: 679
Issue: 1
Pages: 762-782
ISSN: 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
1538-4357
DOI: 10.1086/587435
OpenAlex: W2028041709
Cited by: 207
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 6.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0506588, 0705085)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
California Institute of Technology
U.S. Naval Observatory
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Keywords: brown dwarf desert, brown dwarfs, Upper Scorpius, OB associations, binary companion, substellar companions, stellar multiplicity, young stars

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Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert. I. Upper Scorpius

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