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Cited by 178Gender, Labor, and Family DynamicsWater Resource Management and QualityGender, Education, and Development Issues

Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes

Koolwal, Gayatri, van de Walle, Dominique·2013·Economic Development and Cultural Change
DOI 10.1086/668280
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Abstract

Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. Do women living in places where more time is needed for water collection tend to participate less in income-earning market-based activities? Do the education outcomes of their children tend to be worse? We use micro data for nine developing countries to help address these questions. Our primary aim is to describe the patterns in the data rather than to infer causality, although we do treat the household-level access to water as endogenous, assuming that community-level access is exogenous conditional on a wide range of geographic factors. Better access to water is not found to be associated with greater off-farm paid work but is associated with less unpaid work for women. In countries where substantial gender gaps in schooling exist, both boys’ and girls’ enrollments also tend to be better.

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Authors
Koolwal, G., & van de Walle, D.
Affiliations
World Bank (US)
ORCID
Koolwal, Gayatri
Venue
Economic Development and Cultural Change
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Published
2013-01
Volume
61
Issue
2
Pages
369-405
ISSN
  • 0013-0079 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-2988
DOI
10.1086/668280
OpenAlex
W2101504349
Cited by
178
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI
18.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Economic Development and Cultural Change (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Resource Management and Quality
  • Social Sciences › Education › Gender, Education, and Development Issues
Keywords
water access, water collection, rural women, women's unpaid work, off-farm employment, children's education, child enrollment, rural households, developing countries

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