The Comparative Effects of Large Carnivores on the Acquisition of Carrion by Scavengers
Open accessAbstract
Pumas (Puma concolor) and black bears (Ursus americanus) are large carnivores that may influence scavenger population dynamics. We used motion-triggered video cameras deployed at deer carcasses to determine how pumas and black bears affected three aspects of carrion acquisition by scavengers: presence, total feeding time, and mean feeding-bout duration. We found that pumas were unable to limit acquisition of carrion by large carnivores but did limit aspects of carrion acquisition by both birds and mesocarnivores. Through their suppression of mesocarnivores and birds, pumas apparently initiated a cascading pattern and increased carrion acquisition by small carnivores. In contrast, black bears monopolized carrion resources and generally had larger limiting effects on carrion acquisition by all scavengers. Black bears also limited puma feeding behaviors at puma kills, which may require pumas to compensate for energetic losses through increasing their kill rates of ungulates. Our results suggest that pumas provide carrion and selectively influence species acquiring carrion, while black bears limit carrion availability to all other scavengers. These results suggest that the effects of large carnivores on scavengers depend on attributes of both carnivores and scavengers (including size) and that competition for carcasses may result in intraguild predation as well as mesocarnivore release.
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Cougar behavior of concealing kills by dragging them to thicker cover and caching kills under debris minimizes detection and utilization by ravens.
“This, coupled with cougar behavior of concealing kills by dragging them to thicker cover and caching kills under debris such as grass, hair, sticks, and snow minimizes detection and utilization by ravens (Allen et al., 2015; Ruth & Murphy, 2010; Ruth et al., in press)”
From Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves (2018) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 2015
The 'Mountain Lion Effects on Scavenger Classes' section discusses varied effects on scavengers, and 'Detection of Carcasses by Bears' reports bear detection time. Neither addresses cougars dragging or caching kills, or whether those behaviors reduce raven detection and use. Searches for ravens, caching, and cover found no passage on that point; the indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Self-citationBauder, J. M., Cervantes, A. M., Avrin, A. C., Whipple, L. S., Farmer, M., Miller, C. A., Benson, T., Stodola, K. W., & Allen, M. (2020) · Ecological Research · doi:10.1111/1440-1703.12173 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves
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“Given the close relationship between wolves and ravens, and behavioral adaptations of cougars to minimize avian scavenging (Allen et al., 2015; Ruth & Murphy, 2010; Ruth et al., in press), we assumed any variability in cougar abundance or cougar kill rates on the Northern Range over the study…”
BackgroundScavenging and the ecology of fear: do animal carcasses create islands of risk on the landscape?
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American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
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Klauder, K. J., Borg, B. L., & Prugh, L. R. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/cjz-2020-0050 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus)
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- Authors
- Allen, M. L., Elbroch, L. M., Wilmers, C. C., & Wittmer, H. U.
- Affiliations
- Victoria University of Wellington (NZ)
- Panthera Corporation (US)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Venue
- The American Naturalist
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 185
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 822-833
- ISSN
- 0003-0147 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5323
- OpenAlex
- W1985879817
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 8.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- The American Naturalist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Keywords
- large carnivores, scavengers, PUMA, Ursus americanus, mesocarnivores, birds, intraguild predation, feeding behavior, cascading effects, resource monopolization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ursidae, Birds, Competitive Behavior, Deer, Feeding Behavior, Predatory Behavior, Food Chain, Puma
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