Is There A Monist Theory of Causal and Noncausal Explanations? The Counterfactual Theory of Scientific Explanation
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to develop a counterfactual theory of explanation (CTE). The CTE provides a monist framework for causal and noncausal explanations, according to which both causal and noncausal explanations are explanatory by virtue of revealing counterfactual dependencies between the explanandum and the explanans. I argue that the CTE is applicable to two paradigmatic examples of noncausal explanations: Euler’s explanation and renormalization group explanations of universality.
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Single-sentence textual counterfactual explanations suggest feature-value based instructions or alternative actions for a possible output change.
“Such explanations suggest featurevalue based instructions [48], [122], [131] or alternative actions for a possible output change [84], [149].”
From A Survey of Contrastive and Counterfactual Explanation Generation Methods for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
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- Authors
- Reutlinger, A.
- Corresponding author
- Reutlinger, Alexander
- Venue
- Philosophy of Science
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 733-745
- ISSN
- 0031-8248 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-767X
- OpenAlex
- W2209813865
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 52.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Philosophy of Science (publishedVersion)
- PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy and History of Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy, Science, and History
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Keywords
- monism, causal explanation, renormalization group, universality, scientific explanation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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