The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
FORMATION OF PRIMORDIAL SUPERMASSIVE STARS BY RAPID MASS ACCRETION
Open accessAbstract
Supermassive stars (SMSs) forming via very rapid mass accretion ( ) could be precursors of supermassive black holes observed beyond a redshift of about six. Extending our previous work, here we study the evolution of primordial stars growing under such rapid mass accretion until the stellar mass reaches 10 4 − 5 M ☉ . Our stellar evolution calculations show that a star becomes supermassive while passing through the "supergiant protostar" stage, whereby the star has a very bloated envelope and a contracting inner core. The stellar radius increases monotonically with the stellar mass until ≃ 100 AU for M * ≳ 10 4 M ☉ , after which the star begins to slowly contract. Because of the large radius, the effective temperature is always less than 10 4 K during rapid accretion. The accreting material is thus almost completely transparent to the stellar radiation. Only for M * ≳ 10 5 M ☉ can stellar UV feedback operate and disturb the mass accretion flow. We also examine the pulsation stability of accreting SMSs, showing that the pulsation-driven mass loss does not prevent stellar mass growth. Observational signatures of bloated SMSs should be detectable with future observational facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope . Our results predict that an inner core of the accreting SMS should suffer from the general relativistic instability soon after the stellar mass exceeds 10 5 M ☉ . An extremely massive black hole should form after the collapse of the inner core.
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Self-citationFormation of the First Supermassive Black Holes
Bromm, V., & Loeb, A. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/377529 · Cited by 810
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Self-citationProtostellar Feedback Halts the Growth of the First Stars in the Universe
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Self-citationFormation of the First Stars by Accretion
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hosokawa, T., Yorke, H. W., Inayoshi, K., Omukai, K., & Yoshida, N.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2013-11-13
- Volume
- 778
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 178
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2071792724
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 52
- FWCI
- 11.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: FORMATION OF PRIMORDIAL SUPERMASSIVE STARS BY RAPID MASS ACCRETION. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0004-637x/778/2/178
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- Hosokawa, T., Yorke, H. W., Inayoshi, K., Omukai, K., & Yoshida, N. (2013). FORMATION OF PRIMORDIAL SUPERMASSIVE STARS BY RAPID MASS ACCRETION. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/778/2/178
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