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General pseudotensors and quasilocal quantities
Abstract
We address a long standing problem: the description of energy–momentum (including also angular momentum and the centre-of-mass moment) for gravitating systems. We begin by reconsidering the traditional ‘pseudotensor’ approaches, both via Noether symmetry and via the field equations. A new general construction for such expressions is presented. The pseudotensor expressions are shown to be quasilocal. By connecting the results to the Hamiltonian, its boundary term and its symplectic variational structure, their significance and their ambiguities are clarified. Our investigations into quasilocal quantities associated with the Hamiltonian boundary term are briefly reviewed; the main achievements are summarized, and some outstanding challenges are noted.
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The quasi-local quantities can be obtained from the covariant Hamiltonian formalism of general relativity under certain assumptions.
“These authors show that, under assumptions that I will discuss in Sections 5 and 6, this expression can be obtained from the covariant Hamiltonian formalism of general relativity.”
From Noether's Theorems and Energy in General Relativity (2021) · cites this paper as Nester (2004)
Citations
Cites
Covariant Conservation Laws in General Relativity
Komar, A. (1959) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.113.934 · Cited by 930
Pseudotensors and Quasilocal Energy-Momentum
Chang, C.-C., Nester, J. M., & Chen, C.-M. (1999) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.1897 · Cited by 189
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Quasi-Local Energy-Momentum and Angular Momentum in General Relativity
Szabados, L. B. (2009) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2009-4 · Cited by 351
Pitts, J. B. (2010) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-009-0874-y · Cited by 65
Noether's Theorems and Energy in General Relativity
De Haro, S. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.17160 · Cited by 44
General Relativity, Mental Causation, and Energy Conservation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nester, J. M.
- Affiliations
- National Central University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Nester, James M
- ORCID
- Nester, James M
- Venue
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2004-01-13
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- S261-S280
- ISSN
- 0264-9381 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6382
- OpenAlex
- W2072612440
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Classical and Quantum Gravity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- gravitational energy, angular momentum, Noether symmetry, boundary terms, symplectic structure, variational structure, gravitating systems
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