Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 278

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The roles of rhetoric in the public understanding of science

Gross, Alan G.·1994·Public Understanding of Science
DOI 10.1088/0963-6625/3/1/001
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In the public understanding of science, rhetoric has two distinct roles: it is both a theory capable of analysing public understanding and an activity capable of creating it. In its analytical role, rhetoric reveals two dominant models of public understanding: the deficit model and the contextual model. In the deficit model, rhetoric acts in the minor role of creating public understanding by accommodating the facts and methods of science to public needs and limitations. In the contextual model, rhetoric and rhetorical analysis play major roles. Rhetorical analysis provides an independent source of evidence to secure social scientific claims; in addition, it supplies the grounds for a rhetoric of reconstruction, one that reconstitutes the fact and facts of science in the public interest.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1088/0963-6625/3/1/001

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 23 references

Research works printed but not linked: 33

  1. Gross, A. G. , 1990, The Rhetoric of Science (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
  2. In this paper, science is equated with technoscience in Bruno Latour's sense, a power complex of industry, big science, big government, and research universities. Latour, B., 1987, Science in Action (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), pp. 173-176.
  3. North, J. , 1993, Dressing the universe. Times Literary Supplement, 11 June, 4706, 12.
  4. Aristotle , 1991, On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse, translated by G. A. Kennedy (New York: Oxford University Press), 1:2, 2:1.
  5. Aristotle , 1991, On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse, translated by G. A. Kennedy (New York: Oxford University Press), 1:5.
  6. 10.1126/science.108.2801.239 · doi:10.1126/science.108.2801.239
  7. 10.2307/1961958 · doi:10.2307/1961958
  8. 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02285.x · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02285.x
  9. 10.1088/0963-6625/1/1/010 · doi:10.1088/0963-6625/1/1/010
  10. Fine, A. , 1986, The Shaky Game: Einstein, Realism, and the Quantum Theory (University of Chicago Press), p. 119n.
  11. Faust, D. , 1984, The Limits of Scientific Reasoning (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press), pp. 126, 117.
  12. 10.1088/0963-6625/1/2/002 · DOI
  13. Within the confines of this paper, I cannot mount an adequate defence of the case study method, championed by comparative political scientist, Alexander George, sociologist Charles Ragin and others. See Ragin, C. C., and Becker, H. S., 1992. What is a Case? Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry (Cambridge University Press); Ragin, C. C., 1987, The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies (Berkeley: University of California Press);
  14. George, A. L. , 1982, Case studies and theory development, unpublished manuscript;
  15. George, A. L. , and McKeown, T. J., 1985, Case studies and theories of organizational decision-making. Advances in Information Processing in Organizations: A Research Annual, edited by R. F. Coulam and R. A. Smith (Greenwich, CN: JAI Press), pp. 21-58;
  16. George, A. L. , 1979, Case studies and theory development: the method of structured, focused comparison. Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory, and Policy, edited by P. G. Lauren (New York: The Free Press), pp. 43-68;
  17. Eckstein, H. , 1975, Case study and theory in political science. Handbook of Political Science, Vol. 17, edited by F. I. Greenstein and N. W. Polsby (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley), pp. 79-137;
  18. 10.2307/1955513 · DOI · Paper page
  19. 10.1126/science.3175635 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Campbell, D. T. , and Stanley, J. C., 1963, Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research (Boston: Houghton Mifflin);
  21. 10.1007/978-1-4612-0391-9_12 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0391-9_12
  22. Watson, J. D. , and Juengst, E. T., 1992, Doing science in the real world: the role of ethics, law, and the social sciences in the Human Genome Project. Gene Mapping: Using Law and Ethics as Guides, edited by G. J. Annas and S. Elias (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. xvii, xviii.
  23. Davis, J. , 1990, Mapping the Code: The Human Genome Project and the Choices of Modern Science (New York: John Wiley), p. 261.
  24. These numbers are modified slightly in Annas, G. J., and Elias, S., 1992, Gene Mapping: Using Law and Ethics as Guides (New York: Oxford University Press), p. xviii.
  25. Quoted in Fox Keller, E., 1992, Nature, nurture, and the human genome project. The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, edited by D. J. Kevles and L. Hood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 288.
  26. Kevles, D. J. , and Hood, L., 1992, The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. vii.
  27. Nelkin, D. , 1992, The social power of genetic information. The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, edited by D. J. Kevles and L. Hood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 188.
  28. Gilbert, W. , 1992, A vision of the grail. The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, edited by D. J. Kevles and L. Hood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 9.
  29. Fox Keller, E., 1992, Nature, nurture, and the human genome project. The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, edited by D. J. Kevles and L. Hood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 297.
  30. Fox Keller, E., 1992, Nature, nurture, and the human genome project. The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, edited by D. J. Kevles and L. Hood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 291ff.
  31. Fox Keller, E., 1992, Nature, nurture, and the human genome project. The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, edited by D. J. Kevles and L. Hood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 282n.
  32. Aristotle , 1991, On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse, translated by G. A. Kennedy (New York: Oxford University Press), 1:2.4.
  33. 10.1177/016224398901400102 · doi:10.1177/016224398901400102

Cited by

See all 278

Metadata

Authors
Gross, A. G.
Venue
Public Understanding of Science
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1994-01
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
3-23
ISSN
  • 0963-6625 (ISSN-L)
  • 1361-6609
DOI
10.1088/0963-6625/3/1/001
OpenAlex
W1595853309
Cited by
278
References
23
FWCI
11.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The roles of rhetoric in the public understanding of science. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0963-6625/3/1/001
The paper
Gross, A. G. (1994). The roles of rhetoric in the public understanding of science. Public Understanding of Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/3/1/001

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.