The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Ionic polymer-metal composites: I. Fundamentals
Open accessAbstract
This paper, the first in a series of four review papers, presents a brief summary of the fundamental properties and characteristics of ionic polymeric-metal composites (IPMCs) as biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles. The forthcoming three review papers, to follow this paper, will address in detail such fundamentals and, in particular, manufacturing techniques and the electronic and electromechanical characteristics of IPMCs (part II), the phenomenological modelling of the underlying sensing and actuation mechanisms in IPMCs (part III) and the potential application areas for IPMCs (part IV). This paper is a summary of all recent findings and current state-of-the art manufacturing techniques, phenomenological laws and mechanical and electrical characteristics. A number of methodologies in developing high-force-density IPMCs are also reported.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Soft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics
Hines, L., Petersen, K., Lum, G. Z., & Sitti, M. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201603483 · Cited by 1,337
Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges
Mirvakili, S. M., & Hunter, I. W. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201704407 · Cited by 1,077
Mirfakhrai, T., Madden, J. D. W., & Baughman, R. H. (2007) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70048-2 · Cited by 933
Soft material for soft actuators
Miriyev, A., Stack, K., & Lipson, H. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00685-3 · Cited by 861
Magnetic Hydrogels and Their Potential Biomedical Applications
Li, Y., Huang, G., Zhang, X., Li, B., Chen, Y., Lu, T., Lu, T. J., & Xu, F. (2013) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201201708 · Cited by 721
Metadata
- Authors
- Shahinpoor, M., & Kim, K. J.
- Venue
- Smart Materials and Structures
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2001-08-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 819-833
- ISSN
- 0964-1726 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-665X
- OpenAlex
- W2096298061
- Cited by
- 1,126
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Ionic polymer-metal composites: I. Fundamentals. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0964-1726/10/4/327
- The paper
- Shahinpoor, M., & Kim, K. J. (2001). Ionic polymer-metal composites: I. Fundamentals. Smart Materials and Structures. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/10/4/327
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.