Geometric anisotropy on biomaterials surface for vascular scaffold design: engineering and biological advances
Open accessAbstract
Scaffold designs in combination with drug, growth factor and other bioactive chemicals account for lasting progress of vascular tissue engineering in the past decades. It is a great achievement to adjust tissue matrix composition and cell behaviour effectively. However, regenerating the innate physiologies of a blood vessel still needs its precise architecture to supply the vessel with structural basis for vascular functionality. Recent developments in biomaterial engineering have been explored in designing anisotropic surface geometries, and in turn to direct biological effects for recapitulating vascular tissue architecture. Here, we present current efforts, and propose future perspectives for the guidance on the architectural reconstruction and scaffold design of blood vessel.
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The layered structure of TVGs shows obvious guiding effects on specific vascular cells, including enhancing endothelial cell monolayer formation, facilitating vascular smooth muscle cell alignment and elongation, and promoting fibroblast proliferation and junction establishment.
“The layered structure of TVGs shows obvious guiding effects on specific vascular cells, including enhancing endothelial cell (EC) monolayer formation, facilitating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) alignment and elongation, and promoting fibroblast proliferation and junction establishment.”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [153]
Section 2 describes the vessel’s layered structure, including an endothelial monolayer, aligned smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts in the outer layer. Sections 2.3 and 4.4 also describe structural guidance of smooth muscle cell alignment and elongation. The cited copy does not establish that the layered structure enhances endothelial monolayer formation or promotes fibroblast proliferation and junction establishment; no page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDirectional spinning or composite vascular scaffolds with double or triple structure can better simulate vascular structure and provide better mechanical properties.
“On this basis, directional spinning can be further prepared, or composite vascular scaffolds with double or triple structure can be prepared by different technical methods, so as to better simulate vascular structure, thus providing better mechanical properties [153].”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [153]
Section 3.1 (page unavailable) describes methods for making aligned electrospun fibres, and the concluding remarks (page unavailable) describe a biomimetic vascular scaffold with adjustable mechanical properties; reference 95 identifies that graft as bilayered. The paper does not establish the claim for triple-structure scaffolds or show that directional spinning provides better mechanical properties. Section 3.1 instead flags poor mechanical properties as a concern for electrospun fibres. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTVGs have kinking resistance and adequate mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, suture retention strength, and burst pressure) equivalent to clinical gold standard grafts, human saphenous vein and human internal mammary artery.
“TVGs have kinking resistance and adequate mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, suture retention strength, and burst pressure) and are equivalent to the clinical gold standard grafts in clinical applications, namely human saphenous vein and human internal mammary artery.”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [153]
The Introduction identifies autografts as the gold standard of vascular substitutes, and the concluding remarks say engineered vascular scaffolds should have robust mechanical properties. Neither passage establishes that tissue-engineered vascular grafts resist kinking or match human saphenous veins and internal mammary arteries on the listed mechanical measures or in clinical applications. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredYuan et al. prepared a three-layer PLCL vascular graft (TVG) consisting of a smooth inner layer, a circumferential fiber middle layer, and an outer layer with randomly distributed fibers using ink printing, wet spinning, and electrospinning.
“Yuan et al. used ink printing, wet spinning, and electrospinning techniques to sequentially prepare a three-layer PLCL vascular graft tri-layer vascular graft (TVG) consisting of a smooth inner layer, a circumferential fiber middle layer, and an outer layer with randomly distributed fibers (Fig. 7).”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [153]
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Wang, Z., Zhou, R., Wen, F., et al. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c7tb02545a · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of Focal Adhesions and Cytoskeleton by Custom Microarray
Dalby, M. J., & Yarwood, S. J. (2007) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-353-0_10 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Development in additive printing for tissue-engineered bone and tendon regeneration
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Christodoulides, J. A., Christophersen, M., Liu, J. L., et al. (2018) · MRS Communications · doi:10.1557/mrc.2018.2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering
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“On this basis, directional spinning can be further prepared, or composite vascular scaffolds with double or triple structure can be prepared by different technical methods, so as to better simulate vascular structure, thus providing better mechanical properties [153].”
- Authors
- Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Xie, C., Wen, F., Ma, C., Lin, N., Thian, E. S., & Wang, X.
- Affiliations
- Hunan University (CN)
- Central South University (CN)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Zuyong
- Wang, Xianwei
- Venue
- Journal of Physics: Materials
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2019-06-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 032003
- ISSN
- 2515-7639 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2942303153
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Physics Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51703057)
- Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2018JJ3043)
- Hunan Provincial Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Program (2017XK2047)
- Research Program Project of Hunan Health and Family Planning Commission (B2017008)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of P.R. China (531107050927)
- Yuelu Young Scholars of Hunan University (JY-Q/008/2016)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- vascular tissue engineering, vascular scaffolds, biomaterials, blood vessel regeneration, scaffold design, vascular architecture, cell guidance, growth factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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