The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
HIV Type 1 Nef Is Released from Infected Cells in CD45 + Microvesicles and Is Present in the Plasma of HIV-Infected Individuals
Open accessAbstract
HIV-1 Nef has been demonstrated to be integral for viral persistence, infectivity, and the acceleration of disease pathogenesis (AIDS) in humans. Nef has also been detected in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals and is released from infected cells. The form in which Nef is released from infected cells is unknown. However, Nef is a myristoylated protein and has been shown to interact with the intracellular vesicular trafficking network. Here we show that Nef is released in CD45-containing microvesicles. This microvesicular Nef (mvNef) is detected in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals at relatively high concentrations (10 ng/ml). It is also present in tissue culture supernatants of Jurkat cells infected with HIV(MN). Interestingly, plasma mvNef levels in HIV(+) patients did not significantly correlate with viral load or CD4 count. Microvesicular Nef levels persisted in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals despite the use of antiretroviral therapy, even in individuals with undetectable viral loads. Using cell lines, we found Nef microvesicles induce apoptosis in Jurkat T-lymphocytes but had no observed effect on the U937 monocytic cell line. Given the large amount of mvNef present in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals, the apoptotic effect of mvNef on T cells, and the observed functions of extracellular soluble Nef in vitro, it seems likely that in vivo mvNef may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AIDS.
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B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.
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“In fact, a recent study indicates that HIV-1infected T cells undergo a Nef-dependent massive increase in exocytosis of microvesicles containing Nef and/or FasL.(62) This report supports our study and suggests that Nef microvesicles may play a factor in HIV-induced T cell apoptosis.”
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Cited by
Classification, Functions, and Clinical Relevance of Extracellular Vesicles
van der Pol, E., Böing, A. N., Harrison, P., Sturk, A., & Nieuwland, R. (2012) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.112.005983 · Cited by 1,754
Rodrigues, M., Fan, J., Lyon, C., Wan, M., & Hu, Y. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.20576 · Cited by 191
Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine
Beetler, D. J., Di Florio, D. N., Bruno, K. A., Ikezu, T., March, K. L., Cooper, L. T., Wolfram, J., & Fairweather, D. (2023) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155 · Cited by 101
Beaupere, C., Garcia, M., Larghero, J., Fève, B., Capeau, J., & Lagathu, C. (2015) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12308 · Cited by 85
Emergence of Extracellular Vesicles as “Liquid Biopsy” for Neurological Disorders: Boom or Bust
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Metadata
- Authors
- Raymond, A. D., Campbell-Sims, T. C., Khan, M., Lang, M., Huang, M. B., Bond, V. C., & Powell, M. D.
- Venue
- AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 167-178
- ISSN
- 0889-2229 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-8405
- OpenAlex
- W2015863723
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Raymond, A. D., Campbell-Sims, T. C., Khan, M., Lang, M., Huang, M. B., Bond, V. C., & Powell, M. D. (2011). HIV Type 1 Nef Is Released from Infected Cells in CD45 + Microvesicles and Is Present in the Plasma of HIV-Infected Individuals. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2009.0170
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