Addressing Schemes of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: A European Perspective and Expert Recommendation
Abstract
Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes has increasingly been shown to display beneficial effects on glycemic control. SMBG is not only associated with a reduction of hemoglobin A1c but has also been demonstrated to increase patients' awareness of the disease. SMBG has also the potential to visualize and predict hypoglycemic episodes. International guidelines by the International Diabetes Federation, the European Society of Cardiology, and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and also the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes emphasize that SMBG is an integral part of self-management. More recently, two European consensus documents have been published to give recommendations for frequency and timing of SMBG also for various clinical scenarios. Recently, a European expert panel was held to further facilitate and enhance standardized approaches to SMBG. The aim was to present simple, clinically meaningful, and standardized SMBG strategies for type 2 diabetes. The panel recommended a less intensive and an intensive scheme for SMBG across the type 2 diabetes continuum. The length and frequency of SMBG performance depend on the clinical circumstances and the quality of glycemic control. The expert panel also recommended further evaluation of various schemes for SMBG in type 2 diabetes in clinical studies.
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The measurement pattern (frequency and timing of BG measurements) can be adapted based on the individual needs of people with diabetes.
“The measurement pattern (frequency and timing of BG measurements) can be adapted based on the individual needs of PwD [10] (Table 1).”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Schnell, O., Alawi, H., Battelino, T., Ceriello, A., Diem, P., Felton, A., Grzeszczak, W., Harno, K., Kempler, P., Satman, I., & Vergès, B.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Knappschaftsklinikum Saar (DE)
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (ES)
- University Hospital of Bern (CH)
- Federation of European Nurses in Diabetes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Zabrze, Poland.
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Semmelweis University
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Schnell, Oliver
- Venue
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 959-965
- ISSN
- 1520-9156 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8593
- OpenAlex
- W2027835519
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- self-monitoring of blood glucose, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, hypoglycemia prediction, diabetes self-management, expert recommendations
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Blood Glucose, Child, Consensus Statements as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Europe, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Severity of Illness Index, Societies, Medical, Time Factors, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Diabetes Complications
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