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Cited by 21Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Management and EducationDiabetes and associated disorders

Insulin Delivery and Glucose Variability Throughout the Menstrual Cycle on Closed Loop Control for Women with Type 1 Diabetes

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Levy, Carol J., O'Malley, Grenye, Raghinaru, Dan, Kudva, Yogish C., Laffel, Lori M., Pinsker, Jordan E., Lum, John W., Brown, Sue A. +78 more·2022·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
DOI 10.1089/dia.2021.0431PMC PMC9127830
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Abstract

Objective: To analyze insulin delivery and glycemic metrics throughout the menstrual cycle for women with type 1 diabetes using closed loop control (CLC) insulin delivery. Methods: Menstruating women using a CLC system in a clinical trial were invited to record their menstrual cycles through a cycle-tracking application. Sixteen participants provided data for this secondary analysis over three or more complete cycles. Insulin delivery and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were analyzed in relation to reported cycle phases. Results: Insulin delivery and CGM metrics remained consistent during cycle phases. Intraparticipant variability of CGM metrics and weight-based insulin delivery did not change through cycle phases. Conclusions: For this sample of menstruating women with type 1 diabetes using a CLC system, insulin delivery and glycemic metrics remained stable throughout menstrual cycle phases. Additional studies in this population are needed, particularly among women who report variable glycemic control during their cycles. Trial Registration: NCT03591354.

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  • Two studies found unchanged glucose metrics across phases of the menstrual cycle in women with type 1 diabetes, checked by CGM or SMBG.

    “two studies [11,21] show unchanged glucose metrics across phases of the MC, checked by CGM or SMBG.”

    From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [21]

  • Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review.

    “We included 14 studies published between 1990 and 2022, with sample sizes from 4 to 124 patients.”

    From Menstrual Cycle, Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [21]

    The Results describe a substudy of 16 women, not a systematic review. Neither the Results nor the other passages found in our copy state how many studies the citing authors included; the number 14 refers to cycles in a participant range, not studies. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

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Authors
Levy, C. J., O'Malley, G., Raghinaru, D., Kudva, Y. C., Laffel, L. M., Pinsker, J. E., Lum, J. W., Brown, S. A., for the iDCL Trial Research Group, Kovatchev, B., Anderson, S., Emory, E., Voelmle, M., Conshafter, K., Morris, K., Oliveri, M., Gondor-Fredrick, L., Mitchell, H., Calvo, K., Wakeman, C., Breton, M., Isganaitis, E., Ambler-Osborn, L., Flint, E., Kim, K., Roethke, L., Mei Church, M., Andre, C., Piper, M., Lam, D., Levister, C., Ogyaadu, S., Lovett, J., Simha, V., Dadlani, V., McCrady-Spitzer, S., Reid, C., Kumari, K., Wadwa, R. P., Forlenza, G., Alonso, G. T., Slover, R., Jost, E., Messer, L., Berget, C., Towers, L., Rossick-Solis, A., Buckingham, B., Ekhlaspour, L., Jacobson, T., Town, M., Tabatabai, I., Keller, J., Salas, E., Doyle, F., Dassau, E., Beck, R., Passman, S., Campos, T., Kollman, C., Murphy, C., Patibandla, N., Borgman, S., Arreaza-Rubin, G., Eggerman, T., Green, N., Kovatchev, B., Anderson, S., Breton, M., Wadwa, R. P., Buckingham, B., Doyle, F., Renard, E., Cobelli, C., Reznik, Y., Arreaza-Rubin, G., Beck, R., Janicek, R., Gabrielson, D., Belle, S. H., Castle, J., Green, J., Legault, L., Willi, S. M., Wysham, C., & Eggerman, T.
Affiliations
  • Mount Sinai Health System (US)
  • Deparment of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Mount Sinai Diabetes Center, New York, New York, USA.
  • Jaeb Center for Health Research (US)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
  • Sansum Diabetes Research Institute (US)
  • University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author
Lum, John W.
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2022-05
Volume
24
Issue
5
Pages
357-361
ISSN
  • 1520-9156 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-8593
DOI
10.1089/dia.2021.0431
PMC
PMC9127830
OpenAlex
W4210737221
Cited by
21
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2
FWCI
2.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK120358, UC4DK108483, K23DK121942, P30DK036836, P30DK020541)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, menstrual cycle, feedback control, insulin delivery, glycemic variability, continuous glucose monitoring, women, glycemic control
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Glucose, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Menstrual Cycle, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Insulin, Regular, Human

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