Apple Pomace Extract Improves Endurance in Exercise Performance by Increasing Strength and Weight of Skeletal Muscle
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenoid found in many fruits and herbs and is used in several herbal folk medicines for diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of apple pomace extract (APE; ursolic acid content, 183 mg/g) on skeletal muscle atrophy. To examine APE therapeutic potential in muscle atrophy, we investigated APE effects on the expression of biomarkers associated with muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. We found that APE inhibited atrophy, while inducing hypertrophy in C2C12 myotubes by decreasing the expression of atrophy-related genes and increasing the expression of hypertrophy-associated genes. The in vivo experiments using mice fed a diet with or without APE showed that APE intake increased skeletal muscle mass, as well as grip strength and exercise capacity. In addition, APE significantly improved endurance in the mice, as evidenced by increased exhaustive running time and muscle weight, and reduced the expression of the genes involved in the development of muscle atrophy. APE also decreased the concentration of serum lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, inorganic phosphate, and creatinine, the indicators of accumulated fatigue and exercise-induced stress. These results suggest that APE may be useful as an ergogenic functional food or dietary supplement.
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Dietary supplement with apple pomace extracts significantly increases skeletal muscle strength and weight, related to upregulation of IGF-1 genes and downregulation of MAFbx and MuRF1 in hindlimb skeletal muscle of C57BL/6N mice.
“Dietary supplement with apple pomace extracts significantly increases skeletal muscle strength and weight, which is related to the upregulation the expression of IGF-1 genes and downregulation of the expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 in hindlimb skeletal muscle of C57BL/6N mice.”
From Nutraceuticals in the Prevention and Treatment of the Muscle Atrophy (2021) · cites this paper as [147]
Apple pomace extract increases the expression of IGF-1, Akt, mTOR, and S6K1 and reduces the expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 in C2C12 myotubes.
“Similarly, it increases the expression of IGF-1, Akt, mTOR, and S6K1 and reduces the expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 in C2C12 myotubes [147].”
From Nutraceuticals in the Prevention and Treatment of the Muscle Atrophy (2021) · cites this paper as [147]
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- Authors
- Jeong, J.-W., Shim, J.-J., Choi, I.-D., Kim, S.-H., Ra, J., Ku, H. K., Lee, D. E., Kim, T.-Y., Jeung, W., Lee, J.-H., Lee, K. W., Huh, C.-S., Sim, J.-H., & Ahn, Y.-T.
- Affiliations
- Korea Yakult (South Korea) (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Medicinal Food
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1380-1386
- ISSN
- 1096-620X (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7600
- OpenAlex
- W1651253738
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medicinal Food (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- ursolic acid, skeletal muscle atrophy, muscle hypertrophy, exercise endurance, grip strength, C2C12 myotubes, muscle mass, serum lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, dietary supplements, exercise fatigue
- MeSH terms
- Ursolic Acid, Animals, Cell Line, Fatigue, Fruit, Hypertrophy, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscular Atrophy, Physical Endurance, Plant Extracts, Running, Triterpenes, Biomarkers, Gene Expression, Exercise Tolerance, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Malus, Muscle Strength
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