Resveratrol Improves Mitochondrial Function and Protects against Metabolic Disease by Activating SIRT1 and PGC-1α
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Diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic capacity are associated with reduced longevity. We tested whether resveratrol (RSV), which is known to extend lifespan, impacts mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis. Treatment of mice with RSV significantly increased their aerobic capacity, as evidenced by their increased running time and consumption of oxygen in muscle fibers. RSV's effects were associated with an induction of genes for oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis and were largely explained by an RSV-mediated decrease in PGC-1alpha acetylation and an increase in PGC-1alpha activity. This mechanism is consistent with RSV being a known activator of the protein deacetylase, SIRT1, and by the lack of effect of RSV in SIRT1(-/-) MEFs. Importantly, RSV treatment protected mice against diet-induced-obesity and insulin resistance. These pharmacological effects of RSV combined with the association of three Sirt1 SNPs and energy homeostasis in Finnish subjects implicates SIRT1 as a key regulator of energy and metabolic homeostasis.
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Impaired mitochondrial function directs fatty acids toward storage rather than oxidation, contributing considerably to intramyocellular lipid accumulation and insulin resistance.
“Indeed, impaired mitochondrial function directs fatty acids toward storage, as opposed to oxidation, which contributes considerably to intramyocellular lipid accumulation and insulin resistance [16].”
From Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Molecular targets of resveratrol include PGC1α, SIRT1, NFκB, AMPK, FoxO3, and PPARγ, which are responsible for modulating mitochondrial activity.
“Studies have demonstrated the characterization of molecular targets of resveratrol, including PGC1α, SIRT1, NFκB, AMPK, FoxO3, and PPARγ [16, 61, 85, 89], that are responsible for modulating mitochondrial activity.”
From Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Mammalian SIRT1 plays a context-dependent role in health span regulation, including mediating effects in metabolic stress such as high-fat diet-induced obesity.
“What is clear, however, is that mammalian SIRT1 plays a context-dependent role in health span regulation, for instance by mediating effects in metabolic stress situations, such as high-fat diet-induced obesity (Baur et al., 2006; Lagouge et al., 2006; Pearson et al., 2008).”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
Resveratrol is a natural compound that influences energy metabolism and mitochondrial function and acts as a calorie restriction mimetic in animal obesity models.
“resveratrol treatment in mice fed a high calorie diet consistently improved various health parameters including glucose homeostasis, endurance and survival (Baur et al., 2006; Lagouge et al., 2006; Pearson et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2007), and has therefore been suggested to act as a calorie restriction mimetic.”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
In rodents, resveratrol reduces heart rate.
“to reduce heart rate (Lagouge et al., 2006)”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
The gene expression effects of resveratrol in humans are highly similar to those in mice treated with resveratrol, though more pronounced in mice.
“Importantly, these effects are highly similar to the effects observed in mice treated with resveratrol (figure 2C), even though the effects in the latter are more pronounced, probably due to longer treatment time and their identical genetic and environmental background.”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
Resveratrol treatment in mice on a high-calorie diet consistently improved health parameters including glucose homeostasis, endurance, and survival.
“Regardless of the mode of activation, resveratrol treatment in mice fed a high calorie diet consistently improved various health parameters including glucose homeostasis, endurance and survival (Baur et al., 2006; Lagouge et al., 2006; Pearson et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2007)”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
The human dose of 150 mg/day resveratrol is 133-266 fold lower than mouse doses of 200-400 mg/kg/day, but human plasma resveratrol levels averaged 231 ng/ml, higher than mouse levels of 10-120 ng/ml.
“although the dosage of 150 mg of resveratrol per day is around 133-266 fold lower compared to the high doses of 200 to 400 mg/kg/day used to supplement mice (Baur et al., 2006; Lagouge et al., 2006), plasma resveratrol levels in our human intervention (231 ng/ml on average during the 30 days) were even higher than those obtained in mice (10-120 ng/ml) (Lagouge et al., 2006).”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
The beneficial metabolic effects of resveratrol are concordant with findings from animal resveratrol supplementation studies.
“These beneficial effects of resveratrol on metabolism are in concordance with several findings of resveratrol supplementation in animals (Baur et al., 2006; Canto et al., 2009; Lagouge et al., 2006; Pearson et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2007).”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
Resveratrol is able to induce the expression of genes that promote oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis as a result of SIRT-1.
“Resveratrol is in fact able to induce the expression of genes that promote oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis as a result of SIRT-1 [23].”
From The Role of Resveratrol Administration in Human Obesity (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
SIRT-1 can increase the activity of PGC-1α, which induces gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in the liver by increasing transcription of glycogenetic genes.
“SIRT-1 can also increase the activity of PGC-1α, which in turn induces gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in the liver by increasing the transcription of glycogenetic genes [23].”
From The Role of Resveratrol Administration in Human Obesity (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Resveratrol has been shown to promote the differentiation of white adipocytes into brown ones.
“Resveratrol has also been shown to promote the differentiation of white adipocytes into brown ones [23].”
From The Role of Resveratrol Administration in Human Obesity (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Resveratrol stimulates mitochondrial activity through SIRT-1-mediated activation of PGC-1α, contributing to fiber-type switching and adaptive thermogenesis in muscles and brown adipose tissue.
“Some evidence indicates that resveratrol stimulates mitochondrial activity through SIRT-1-mediated activation of PGC-1α, which contributes to fiber-type switching and adaptive thermogenesis in muscles and brown adipose tissue, respectively [23].”
From The Role of Resveratrol Administration in Human Obesity (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
SIRT1 activation with resveratrol in mice increased mitochondrial activity and protected against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
“activation of SIRT1 with resveratrol in mice resulted in increased mitochondrial activity and protected the animals from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance [134].”
From Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2010) · cites this paper as [134]
Higher NAD+ levels promote the deacetylase and deacylase activity of nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, which regulate mitochondrial function and protect from high-fat diet-induced metabolic disease.
“Additionally, higher NAD+ levels can promote the deacetylase and deacylase activity of both nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, which regulate mitochondrial function and protect from high-fat diet-induced metabolic disease42,81,85–88.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
Resveratrol-treated mice show metabolic activation parameters including increased mitochondria number, AMPK activation, and PGC-1α deacetylation.
“Several parameters in resveratrol-treated mice are consistent with metabolic activation, including increased mitochondria number, activation of AMPK and PGC-1α deacetylation [145, 150].”
From PGC-1α in aging and anti-aging interventions (2009) · cites this paper as [145]
Resveratrol activates SIRT1, PGC-1α, and AMPK and inhibits AKT.
“Resveratrol treatment activates SIRT1, PGC-1α and AMPK [29, 145-148] and inhibits AKT [149] (Figure 4).”
From PGC-1α in aging and anti-aging interventions (2009) · cites this paper as [145]
PGC-1α activity is co-regulated by phosphorylation and NAD(+)-dependent deacetylation via AMPK, p38MAPK, and SIRT1.
“PGC-1α activity is co-regulated by phosphorylation and NAD(+)-dependent deacetylation via metabolic biosensors AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-associated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) (73, 74).”
From From mitochondria to sarcopenia: role of 17β-estradiol and testosterone (2023) · cites this paper as [74]
Animal studies demonstrated that resveratrol could stimulate energy expenditure and protect against a high-fat diet-induced weight gain via induction of FAO and reduced lipogenesis, mediated by activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 axis.
“Animal studies have also demonstrated that resveratrol could stimulate energy expenditure and protect against a high-fat diet-induced weight gain (250), via induction of FAO and reduced lipogenesis, mediated by activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 axis (251, 252).”
From Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [250]
Resveratrol enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity in animal models of diet-induced obesity and ageing.
“Resveratrol enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity in animal models of diet-induced obesity and ageing226,227.”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [227]
Resveratrol can improve exercise endurance and protect mice against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
“Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenol found in grape skins, red wine, peanuts, and mulberries, can improve exercise endurance and protect mice against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance 155.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [155]
Resveratrol promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by activating SIRT1, which deacetylates PGC1α, inducing its transcriptional activity and increasing mitochondria number in mice.
“resveratrol has been reported to promote mitochondria biogenesis by activating SIRT1, which in turn, by deacetylating PGC 1α, induces its transcriptional activity resulting in an increase in mitochondria number in mice (Lagouge et al., 2006).”
From Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet (2019) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
Resveratrol in another study improved motor function in mice accompanied by a decrease in PGC1α acetylation leading to increased activity and mitochondrial biogenesis.
“Similarly, resveratrol in another study improved motor function in mice which was accompanied by a decrease in PGC1α acetylation leading to increased activity and mitochondrial biogenesis196.”
From Mitochondrial Approaches for Neuroprotection (2008) · cites this paper as [196]
Resveratrol offers protection in models of stress- or age-associated diseases, including chronic overfeeding, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular dysfunction.
“Nevertheless, resveratrol offers protection in models of stress- or age-associated diseases, including chronic overfeeding, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular dysfunction (Baur et al., 2006; Lagouge et al., 2006).”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Lagouge et al., 2006
In mice, resveratrol improves insulin resistance, protects against diet-induced obesity, induces genes for oxidative phosphorylation, and activates PGC-1α.
“In mice, resveratrol improves insulin resistance, protects against diet-induced obesity, induces genes for oxidative phosphorylation, and activates PGC-1α (22, 184).”
From Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Functional Significance and Therapeutic Opportunities (2010) · cites this paper as [184]
PGC-1 activity can also be modulated at the level of translation and by posttranscriptional changes, including inhibitory GCN5-mediated acetylation and stimulatory sirtuin 1 mediated deacetylation.
“PGC-1 activity can also be modulated at the level of translation and by posttranscriptional changes, including inhibitory GCN5-mediated acetylation (147) and stimulatory sirtuin 1 mediated deacetylation (148).”
From The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [148]
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- Authors
- Lagouge, M., Argmann, C., Gerhart-Hines, Z., Meziane, H., Lerin, C., Daussin, F., Messadeq, N., Milne, J., Lambert, P., Elliott, P., Geny, B., Laakso, M., Puigserver, P., & Auwerx, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Phénotypage et ingénierie précliniques des systèmes d’organismes modèles (FR)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Auwerx, Johan
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1109-1122
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144600435
- Cited by
- 4,057
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 120 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 211 · 2020: 218 · 2019: 211 · 2018: 212 · 2017: 219 · 2016: 243 · 2015: 260 · 2014: 291 · 2013: 275 · 2012: 265
- FWCI
- 70.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2420 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Danone
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-59820, DK069966, R01DK069966, P01DK059820)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- resveratrol, SIRT1, PGC-1α, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiorespiratory fitness, diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic disorders, longevity, energy homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Resveratrol, Acetylation, Adult, Animals, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred Strains, Mitochondria, Muscle, Motor Activity, Obesity, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Oxygen Consumption, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Stilbenes, Transcription Factors, Trans-Activators, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sirtuins, Mice, Sirtuin 1
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