Ursolic acid induces mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of AMPK and PGC-1 in C2C12 myotubes: A possible mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on exercise endurance
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis, which involves an increase in mitochondrial number and the overall capacity of oxidative phosphorylation, is a critical determinant of skeletal muscle function. Recent findings have shown that some natural products can enhance mitochondrial adaptation to aerobic exercise, which in turn improves exercise performance, presumably by delaying muscle fatigue. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural triterpene, is commonly found in various vegetables and fruits. In the current study, UA was shown to increase mitochondrial mass and ATP generation capacity, with a concomitant production of a low level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 myotubes. Mitochondrial ROS, in turn, activated the redox sensitive adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1(PGC-1) pathway. The activation of AMPK/PGC-1 further increased the expression of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and uncoupling protein 3. Animal studies showed that UA can also dose-dependently increase the endurance exercise capacity in mice, as assessed by a weight-loaded swimming test and a hanging wire test. Our findings suggest that UA may induce mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of AMPK and PGC-1 pathways in skeletal muscle, thereby offering a promising prospect for its use to enhance exercise endurance and alleviating fatigue in humans.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway plays critical role in regulating energy metabolism and function in skeletal muscle.
“AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating energy metabolism and function in skeletal muscle [42].”
From Lifelong Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Sarcopenia by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting Protein Degradation via the AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway (2021) · cites this paper as [42]
Cites
How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species
Murphy, M. P. (2009) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20081386 · Cited by 8,207 · see citing works
AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
Kim, J., Kundu, M., Viollet, B., & Guan, K.-L. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2152 · Cited by 7,227 · see citing works
The AMPK signalling pathway coordinates cell growth, autophagy and metabolism
Mihaylova, M. M., & Shaw, R. J. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2329 · Cited by 2,923 · see citing works
Puigserver, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0012 · Cited by 2,076 · see citing works
PGC-1α, SIRT1 and AMPK, an energy sensing network that controls energy expenditure
Cantó, C., & Auwerx, J. (2009) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e328328d0a4 · Cited by 1,624 · see citing works
The AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase: Fuel Gauge of the Mammalian Cell?
Hardie, D. G., & Carling, D. (1997) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00259.x · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Mitochondrial biogenesis in mammals: the role of endogenous nitric oxide
Nisoli, E., Clementi, E., Paolucci, C., Cozzi, V., Tonello, C., Sciorati, C., Bracale, R., Valerio, A., Francolini, M., Moncada, S., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079368 · Cited by 1,243 · see citing works
Effects of exercise on mitochondrial content and function in aging human skeletal muscle
Menshikova, E. V., Ritov, V. B., Fairfull, L., Ferrell, R. E., Kelley, D. E., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.6.534 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Kunkel, S. D., Suneja, M., Ebert, S. M., Bongers, K. S., Fox, D. K., Malmberg, S. E., Alipour, F., Shields, R. K., & Adams, C. M. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.020 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle: Energy metabolism, fiber types, fatigue and adaptability
Westerblad, H., Bruton, J. D., & Katz, A. (2010) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.05.019 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Witczak, C. A., Sharoff, C. G., & Goodyear, L. J. (2008) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-008-8244-6 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance
Close, G. L., Hamilton, D. L., Philp, A., Burke, L. M., & Morton, J. P. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Kunkel, S. D., Elmore, C., Bongers, K. S., Ebert, S. M., Fox, D. K., Dyle, M. C., Bullard, S. A., & Adams, C. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039332 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
AMPK functions as an adenylate charge-regulated protein kinase
Oakhill, J. S., Scott, J. W., & Kemp, B. E. (2012) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2011.12.006 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Redox implications of AMPK-mediated signal transduction beyond energetic clues
Cardaci, S., Filomeni, G., & Ciriolo, M. R. (2012) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.095216 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Scarpulla, R. C. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.10.011 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Muscle mitochondrial changes with aging and exercise
Lanza, I. R., & Nair, K. S. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26717d · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Ursolic Acid Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through LKB1/AMPK Pathway
He, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, T., Wang, Y., & Sun, C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070135 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Uncoupling protein-3 lowers reactive oxygen species production in isolated mitochondria
Toime, L. J., & Brand, M. D. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.05.010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Gruzman, A., Babai-Shani, G., & Sasson, S. (2009) · The Review of Diabetic Studies · doi:10.1900/rds.2009.6.13 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Isolation of ursolic acid from apple peels by high speed counter-current chromatography
Frighetto, R. T. S., Welendorf, R. M., Nigro, E. N., Frighetto, N., & Siani, A. C. (2007) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.003 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ebert, S. M., Dyle, M. C., Bullard, S. A., Dierdorff, J. M., Murry, D. J., Fox, D. K., Bongers, K. S., Lira, V. A., Meyerholz, D. K., Talley, J. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.681445 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Zheng, Q.-Y., Jin, F.-S., Yao, C., Zhang, T., Zhang, G., & Ai, X. (2012) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.093 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Qiao, L., Kinney, B., Yoo, H. S., Lee, B., Schaack, J. B., & Shao, J. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1475 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Klaus, A., Zorman, S., Berthier, A., Polge, C., Ramírez‐Ríos, S., Michelland, S., Sève, M., Vertommen, D., Rider, M. H., Lentze, N., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062497 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Margolis, L. M., & Pasiakos, S. M. (2013) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.113.004572 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Leong, P. K., Chiu, P. Y., Chen, N., Leung, H. Y., & Ko, K. M. (2011) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2010.550917 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ursolic acid ameliorates aging-metabolic phenotype through promoting of skeletal muscle rejuvenation
Bakhtiari, N., Hosseinkhani, S., Tashakor, A., & Hemmati, R. (2015) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.02.014 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Utilizing small nutrient compounds as enhancers of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis
Craig, D. M., Ashcroft, S. P., Belew, M. Y., Stocks, B., Currell, K., Baar, K., & Philp, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00296 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Jeong, H. W., Cho, S. Y., Kim, S., Shin, E. S., Kim, J. M., Song, M. J., Park, P. J., Sohn, J. H., Park, H., Seo, D.-B., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040073 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Meng, F., Ning, H., Sun, Z., Huang, F., Li, Y., Chu, X., Lu, H., Sun, C., & Li, S. (2015) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.029 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chen, J., Wong, H. S., Leung, H. Y., Leong, P. K., Chan, W. M., Chen, N., & Ko, K. M. (2014) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.027 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chen, J., & Ko, K. M. (2013) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/924128 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Xu, H., Zhang, M., Li, X., Li, H., Yue, L.-T., Zhang, X.-X., Wang, C., Wang, S., & Duan, R. (2015) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.02.010 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chen, J., Wong, H. S., Leung, H. Y., Leong, P. K., Chan, W. M., & Ko, K. M. (2014) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.021 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chen, J., Wong, H. S., & Ko, K. M. (2014) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules19021576 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wong, H. S., Leong, P. K., Chen, J., Leung, H. Y., Chan, W. M., & Ko, K. M. (2016) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.045 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chen, J., Wong, H. S., & Ko, K. M. (2014) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c4fo00715h · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lee, Y., Lee, M., Kim, Y., & Park, O. J. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04695.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jeong, H., Kim, J.-H., Kim, J.-Y., Ha, S., & Kong, Y. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/14bcb316-f12f-45ae-a1d3-d71a6f2014ce · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Leong, P. K., Leung, H. Y., Chan, W. M., Chen, J. H., Wong, H. S., Ma, C. W., Zou, S., & Ko, K. M. (2014) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.4236/cm.2014.53019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances
Xu, X., Pang, Y., & Fan, X. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02253-4 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Mitochondrial biogenesis: An update
Popov, L. (2020) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.15194 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Natural medicines for the treatment of fatigue: Bioactive components, pharmacology, and mechanisms
Luo, C., Xu, X., Wei, X., Feng, W., Huang, H., Liu, H., Xu, R., Lin, J., Han, L., & Zhang, D. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104409 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Ursolic acid in health and disease
Seo, D. Y., Lee, S. R., Heo, J., No, M., Rhee, B. D., Ko, K. S., Kwak, H., & Han, J. (2018) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.235 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Jin, C., Tan, K., Yao, Z., Lin, B., Zhang, D., Chen, W., Mao, S.-M., Zhang, W., Chen, L., Lin, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05632 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Polyphenols: immunonutrients tipping the balance of immunometabolism in chronic diseases
Ferreira, C., Vieira, P., Sá, H., Malva, J. O., Castelo-Branco, M. S., Reis, F., & Viana, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360065 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Liang, J., Zhang, H., Zeng, Z., Wu, L., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Lv, J., Wang, C., Fan, J., & Chen, N. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11050323 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Kou, G., Li, Z., Wu, C., Liu, Y., Hu, Y., Guo, L., Xu, X., & Zhou, Z. (2018) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04124 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Quality Control in Sarcopenia: Updated Overview of Mechanisms and Interventions
Liu, D., Fan, Y., Tao, X., Pan, W., Wu, Y., Wang, X., He, Y., Xiao, W., & Li, Y. (2021) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0427 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Dietary ursolic acid improves health span and life span in male <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
Staats, S., Wagner, A. E., Lüersen, K., Künstner, A., Meyer, T., Kahns, A. K., Derer, S., Graspeuntner, S., Rupp, J., Busch, H., et al. (2019) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1467 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Natural products: Potential therapeutic agents to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy.
Yadav, A., Yadav, S., Singh, S., & Dabur, R. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174995 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ge, M.-M., Li, D., Wang, L., Zhang, L.-Q., Liu, D.-Q., Tian, Y., Ye, D., Liu, Z., Zhou, Y., & Yang, H. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112912 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Wang, L., Li, B., Shi, J., Xu, J. F., & Yuan, M. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16020277 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Li, C., Lin, J.-F., Wu, P., Zhao, R., Zou, J., Zhou, M., Jia, L., & Shao, J. (2018) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00657 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kim, J. C., Kang, Y. S., Noh, E. B., Seo, B. W., Seo, D. Y., Park, G. D., & Kim, S. H. (2018) · The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.4.427 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ji, X., Zhang, C., Yang, J., Tian, Y., You, L., Yang, H., Li, Y., Liu, H., Pan, D., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13071068 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Natural products and skeletal muscle health
Qu, Z., Zhou, S., Li, P., Liu, C., Yuan, B., Zhang, S., & Liu, A. (2021) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108619 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Peshattiwar, V., Muke, S., Kaikini, A. A., Bagle, S., Dighe, V. D., & Sathaye, S. S. (2020) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.003 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Wu, G., Jiang, Y., Li, B., Feng, C., Ge, Y., Han, L., Jiang, L., Liu, H., Shi, Y., et al. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/4604387 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wang, C., Cao, S., Shen, Z., Hong, Q., Feng, J., Peng, Y., & Hu, C. (2019) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-019-0394-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Hai, B., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.036 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Luo, F., Zhao, J., Liu, S., Xue, Y., Tang, D., Yang, J., Mei, Y., Li, G., & Xie, Y. (2022) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115278 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hang, W., Shu, H., Zheng, W., Liu, J., Jin, Z., Shi, Z., Chen, C., & Wang, D. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.636204 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhao, B., Liu, M., Liu, H., Xie, J., Yan, J., Hou, X., & Liu, J. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo00524c · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Khan, S., Bano, N., Ahamad, S., John, U., Dar, N. J., & Bhat, S. A. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2024.0125-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kim, Y. S., Yoon, J. W., Kim, D., Choi, S., Kim, H. K., Youm, J. B., Han, J., Heo, S. C., Hyun, S., Seo, J.-W., et al. (2022) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00746-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chen, J., Leong, P. K., Leung, H. Y., Chan, W. M., Wong, H. S., & Ko, K. M. (2019) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153038 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Liu, G., Sun, W., Wang, F., Jia, G., Zhao, H. Y., Chen, X., Tian, G., Cai, J., & Wang, J. (2023) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100714 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tuo, Y., Peng, S., Li, Y., Dang, J., Feng, Z., Ding, L., Du, S., Liu, X., & Wang, L. (2025) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109863 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nutraceutical Strategies for Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Davì, F., Iaconis, A., Cordaro, M., Paola, R. D., & Fusco, R. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14132193 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Natural constituents from food sources: potential therapeutic agents against muscle wasting
Shen, S., Yu, H., Gan, L., Yang, Y., & Lin, L. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo00912d · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Grootswagers, P., Smeets, E. T. H. C., Oteng, A., & de Groot, C. P. G. M. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.202912 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rathor, R., Agrawal, A., Kumar, R. S., Suryakumar, G., & Singh, S. N. (2020) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.2435 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tian, J., Huang, Y., Wu, T., Huang, H., Ko, K. M., Zhu, B. T., & Chen, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.622498 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Elekofehinti, O. O., Ayodele, O. C., & Iwaloye, O. (2021) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1186/s43042-021-00200-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
15-Day subchronic developmental toxicity studies of ursolic acid in rats
Geerlofs, L., He, Z., Xiao, S., & Xiao, Z. (2020) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111537 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nutritional approaches targeting mitochondria for the prevention of sarcopenia
Hahm, J., Nirmala, F. S., Ha, T. Y., & Ahn, J. (2023) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuad084 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, S., Chen, X., He, J., Luo, Y., Zheng, P., Yu, B., Chen, D., & Huang, Z. (2023) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109507 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Biological potential of an ethanolic extract from “Mela Rosa Marchigiana” pulp callus culture
Potenza, L., Minutelli, M., Stocchi, V., & Fraternale, D. (2020) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104269 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle loss and its prevention by natural resources
Kim, J. T., Jeon, D., & Lee, H.-J. (2024) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-024-01678-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chen, L., Yan, L., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.5.325 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ahn, B. M., Noh, Y., Lee, J. J., Park, J. H. Y., Lee, K. W., & Jang, Y. J. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118316 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Therapeutically relevant natural products as AMPK activators in the treatment of diabetes
Germán-Acacio, J. M., Meza-Sánchez, D. E., & Morales‐Morales, D. (2020) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817907-9.00003-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Makanae, Y., Ato, S., Kido, K., & Fujita, S. (2019) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0328-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Li, Q., Zhao, F. Q., & Chen, J. (2025) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156602 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lee, J.-H., Zhang, D., Kwak, S. E., Shin, H.-E., & Song, W. J. (2021) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes20043 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Roudi, H. S., Safaei, R., Dabbaghi, M. M., Fadaei, M. S., Saberifar, M., Sakhaee, K., Rahimi, V. B., & Askari, V. R. (2024) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/0113816128344497241120025757 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Charidemou, E., Andreou, E. P., & Papaneophytou, C. P. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16060867 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lee, J. J., Ahn, B. M., Kim, N., Noh, Y., Ahn, H. J., Hwang, E. S., Shim, J., Lee, K. W., & Jang, Y. J. (2023) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2023.105542 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anand, S., Balgote, P. J., & Jayanthi, S. (2025) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-025-11010-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shang, K.-L., Lin, Y.-L., Sutopo, C. C. Y., Chen, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2025.106088 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ursolic Acid Improved Sarcopenia in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice
Liu, M., Liu, X., & Yuan, L. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.3923/ijp.2024.1181.1190 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Anti-fatigue effects of enzyme-hydrolyzed okara in C2C12 myotubes and Sprague–Dawley rats
Chien, Y.-J., Yen, G., Huang, S., Chen, S., & Hsu, C. (2022) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo02244c · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jung, Y. P., Lim, S., An, S., Kim, H. J., & Shin, J.-H. (2025) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115308 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ursolic Acid and Maslinic Acid
Bashir, R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813922-6.00061-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chuang, Y., Wu, C., Chang, W., Su, Y., Hsu, H., Lin, F., & Lo, Y. (2025) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1002/kjm2.70117 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhu, J., Peng, F., Zhang, L., Guo, Y., Liu, W., Li, J., Shang, S., Zhang, B., & Qiu, T. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.71596 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lee, Y. J., Yu, S. H., Seok, G. Y., Kim, S. Y., Kim, M. J., Jeong, I., Heo, W., Lee, B. S., Do, S. G., Han, B. K., et al. (2024) · Food Supplements and Biomaterials for Health · doi:10.52361/fsbh.2024.4.e4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nutrition and Exercise to Maintain Physical Functioning During Ageing
Grootswagers, P., Mensink, M., & de Groot, C. P. G. M. (2021) · Healthy ageing and longevity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83017-5_14 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Synergistic salvation: HIIT and herbal allies reverse NAFLD damage in rats
Arabzadeh, E., Sarshin, A., Feizolahi, F., Mohabbat, M., Soleiman-Fallah, M.-A., Rahimi, A., Petridou, A., Emami, Z., Tajik, H., Omid, R. B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Histology · doi:10.1007/s10735-025-10413-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nutritional strategies to improve muscle quality during ageing
Grootswagers, P. (2020) · doi:10.18174/530397
He, Q., Yu, Y., Ren, Z., Fang, D., Liu, Z., Li, H., Li, X., Liu, Y., Sui, X., Zhu, Y. X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2026.121856
Huang, X., Zhu, J., Zang, P., Chen, J., Chen, P., Xu, N., & Liu, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1819117
Schwarz, U., Fischer, A., & Rimbach, G. H. (2026) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2026.109210
Sarkar, B., Gupta, S., Prasad, S., Singh, R., Singh, C., & Singh, A. (2026) · In Silico Research in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.insi.2026.100423
Liu, X., Li, H., Wang, X., Jiang, J., & 彭宗根 (2026) · Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines · doi:10.1016/s1875-5364(26)61204-6
- Authors
- Chen, J., Wong, H. S., Leong, P. K., Leung, H. Y., Chan, W. M., & Ko, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ko, Kam Ming
- Venue
- Food & Function
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2425-2436
- ISSN
- 2042-6496 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-650X
- OpenAlex
- W2626882131
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food & Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603356)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- ursolic acid, mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPK, PGC-1, C2C12 myotubes, skeletal muscle, exercise endurance, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, cytochrome c oxidase, UCP3, muscle fatigue, triterpenoids, oxidative phosphorylation
- MeSH terms
- Ursolic Acid, Adenosine Monophosphate, Animals, Fatigue, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred ICR, Mitochondria, Oxidation-Reduction, Phosphorylation, Physical Endurance, Transcription Factors, Triterpenes, Reactive Oxygen Species, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Mice, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review