Rational Truncation of an RNA Aptamer to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Using Computational Structural Modeling
Open accessAbstract
RNA aptamers represent an emerging class of pharmaceuticals with great potential for targeted cancer diagnostics and therapy. Several RNA aptamers that bind cancer cell-surface antigens with high affinity and specificity have been described. However, their clinical potential has yet to be realized. A significant obstacle to the clinical adoption of RNA aptamers is the high cost of manufacturing long RNA sequences through chemical synthesis. Therapeutic aptamers are often truncated postselection by using a trial-and-error process, which is time consuming and inefficient. Here, we used a “ rational truncation ” approach guided by RNA structural prediction and protein/RNA docking algorithms that enabled us to substantially truncateA9, an RNA aptamer to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA),with great potential for targeted therapeutics. This truncated PSMA aptamer (A9L; 41mer) retains binding activity, functionality, and is amenable to large-scale chemical synthesis for future clinical applications. In addition, the modeled RNA tertiary structure and protein/RNA docking predictions revealed key nucleotides within the aptamer critical for binding to PSMA and inhibiting its enzymatic activity. Finally, this work highlights the utility of existing RNA structural prediction and protein docking techniques that may be generally applicable to developing RNA aptamers optimized for therapeutic use.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A9g aptamer has improved stability, reduced synthesis difficulty, and retains high-affinity binding to PSMA.
“In order to obtain a shorter RNA aptamer, William M. Rockey et al. truncated the A9 aptamer to obtain the A9g aptamer, which improved the stability of the aptamer and reduced the difficulty of synthesis, while retaining the high-affinity binding ability to PSMA.246”
From Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [246]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands
Ellington, A. D., & Szostak, J. W. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346818a0 · Cited by 9,845 · see citing works
The Amber biomolecular simulation programs
Case, D. A., Cheatham, T. E., Darden, T., Gohlke, H., Luo, R., Merz, K. M., Onufriev, A., Simmerling, C., Wang, B., & Woods, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.20290 · Cited by 9,535 · see citing works
Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Gragoudas, E. S., Adamis, A. P., Cunningham, E. T., Feinsod, M., & Guyer, D. R. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042760 · Cited by 2,337 · see citing works
Keefe, A. D., Pai, S., & Ellington, A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3141 · Cited by 2,289 · see citing works
(1997) · PubMed · Cited by 1,541 · see citing works
VARNA: Interactive drawing and editing of the RNA secondary structure
Darty, K., Denise, A., & Ponty, Y. (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp250 · Cited by 1,375 · see citing works
Cell type–specific delivery of siRNAs with aptamer-siRNA chimeras
McNamara, J. O., Andrechek, E. R., Wang, Y., Viles, K. D., Rempel, R. E., Gilboa, E., Sullenger, B. A., & Giangrande, P. H. (2006) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1223 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Self-citationDhar, S., Gu, F., Langer, R., Farokhzad, O. C., & Lippard, S. J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0809154105 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Nanoparticle-Aptamer Bioconjugates
Farokhzad, O. C., Jon, S., Khademhosseini, A., Tran, T.-N., LaVan, D. A., & Langer, R. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2550 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Ruckman, J., Green, L. S., Beeson, J., Waugh, S. M., Gillette, W. L., Henninger, D. D., Claesson, L., & Janjić, N. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.32.20556 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Precise engineering of targeted nanoparticles by using self-assembled biointegrated block copolymers
Gu, F., Zhang, L., Teply, B. A., Mann, N., Wang, A. Z., Radovic‐Moreno, A. F., Langer, R., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711714105 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
An Aptamer–Doxorubicin Physical Conjugate as a Novel Targeted Drug‐Delivery Platform
Bagalkot, V., Farokhzad, O. C., Langer, R., & Jon, S. (2006) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200602251 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Sassanfar, M., & Szostak, J. W. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364550a0 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Dassie, J. P., Liu, X., Thomas, G. S., Whitaker, R. M., Thiel, K. W., Stockdale, K. R., Meyerholz, D. K., McCaffrey, A. P., McNamara, J. O., & Giangrande, P. H. (2009) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1560 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Self-citationLupold, S. E., Hicke, B. J., Lin, Y. H., & Coffey, D. S. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Dhar, S., Kolishetti, N., Lippard, S. J., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011379108 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
RNA aptamers as reversible antagonists of coagulation factor IXa
Rusconi, C. P., Scardino, E., Layzer, J. M., Pitoc, G. A., Ortel, T. L., Monroe, D. M., & Sullenger, B. A. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00963 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Aptamer mediated siRNA delivery
Chu, T. C. (2006) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkl388 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Wong, I., & Lohman, T. M. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5428 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Tumor targeting by an aptamer.
Hicke, B. J., Stephens, A. W., Gould, T. A., Chang, Y.-F., Lynott, C. K., Heil, J., Borkowski, S., Hilger, C. S., Cook, G., Warren, S., et al. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Reversible Cell‐Specific Drug Delivery with Aptamer‐Functionalized Liposomes
Cao, Z. C., Tong, R., Mishra, A., Xu, W., Wong, G. C. L., Cheng, J., & Lu, Y. (2009) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200901452 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
[11] Predicting thermodynamic properties of RNA
Serra, M. J., & Turner, D. H. (1995) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(95)59047-1 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Direct In Vitro Selection of a 2′-O-Methyl Aptamer to VEGF
Burmeister, P. E., Lewis, S. D., Silva, R. F., Preiss, J. R., Horwitz, L. R., Pendergrast, P. S., McCauley, T. G., Kurz, J. C., Epstein, D. M., Wilson, C., et al. (2005) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.10.017 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
An iterative knowledge‐based scoring function for protein–protein recognition
Huang, S., & Zou, X. (2008) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.21949 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationMultivalent 4-1BB binding aptamers costimulate CD8+ T cells and inhibit tumor growth in mice
McNamara, J. O., Kolonias, D. S., Pastor, F., Mittler, R. S., Chen, L., Giangrande, P. H., Sullenger, B. A., & Gilboa, E. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci33365 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel Dual Inhibitory Function Aptamer–siRNA Delivery System for HIV-1 Therapy
Zhou, J., Li, H., Li, S. X., ZAIA, J. A., & Rossi, J. J. (2008) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.92 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Novel Aptamer Compositions
Healy, J. M., Lewis, S. D., Kurz, M., Boomer, R. M., Thompson, K. M., Wilson, C., & McCauley, T. G. (2004) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-004-7676-4 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
RNA Folding: Conformational Statistics, Folding Kinetics, and Ion Electrostatics
Chen, S. (2008) · Annual Review of Biophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.032807.125957 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationInduction of tumour immunity by targeted inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Pastor, F., Kolonias, D. S., Giangrande, P. H., & Gilboa, E. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08999 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citationCrystal structure of prostate-specific membrane antigen, a tumor marker and peptidase
Davis, M. I., Bennett, M. J., Thomas, L. M., & Bjorkman, P. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502101102 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
⁎ (2006) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.064 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Gilbert, J. C., DeFeo-Fraulini, T., Hutabarat, R. M., Horvath, C. J., Merlino, P. G., Marsh, H. N., Healy, J. M., BouFakhreddine, S., Holohan, T. V., & Schaub, R. G. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.724864 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Zhou, J.-H., Swiderski, P., Li, H.-T., Zhang, J., Neff, C., Akkina, R., & Rossi, J. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp185 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Neff, C. P., Zhou, J., Remling‐Mulder, L., Kuruvilla, J., Zhang, J., Li, H., Smith, D. D., Swiderski, P. M., Rossi, J. J., & Akkina, R. (2011) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001581 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Novel Approach to Specific Growth Factor Inhibition in Vivo
Floege, J., Ostendorf, T., Janssen, U., Burg, M., Radeke, H. H., Vargeese, C., Gill, S. C., Green, L. S., & Janjić, N. (1999) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65263-7 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
First-in-Human Experience of an Antidote-Controlled Anticoagulant Using RNA Aptamer Technology
Dyke, C. K., Steinhubl, S. R., Kleiman, N. S., Cannon, R. O., Aberle, L. G., Lin, M. J., Myles, S. K., Melloni, C., Harrington, R. A., Alexander, J. H., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.668434 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Potent 2'-Amino-2'-deoxypyrimidine RNA Inhibitors of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
Jellinek, D., Green, L. S., Bell, C., Lynott, C. K., Gill, N., Vargeese, C., Kirschenheuter, G. P., McGee, D. P. C., & Abesinghe, P. (1995) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00036a009 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Kularatne, S. A., Wang, K., Santhapuram, H. K. R., & Low, P. S. (2009) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp900069d · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Oligo- and poly-nucleotides: 50 years of chemical synthesis
Reese, C. B. (2005) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b510458k · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Modified RNA sequence pools forin vitroselection
Lin, Y. H., Qiu, Q., Gill, S. C., & Jayasena, S. D. (1994) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/22.24.5229 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Bacich, D. J., Pinto, J. T., Tong, W. P., & Heston, W. D. W. (2001) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s003350010240 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Therapeutic Applications of DNA and RNA Aptamers
Thiel, K. W., & Giangrande, P. H. (2009) · Oligonucleotides · doi:10.1089/oli.2009.0199 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationYao, V., Berkman, C. E., Choi, J. K., O’Keefe, D. S., & Bacich, D. J. (2009) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.21065 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Detection and analysis of ?-catenin mutations in prostate cancer
Chesire, D. R., Ewing, C. M., Sauvageot, J., Bova, G. S., & Isaacs, W. B. (2000) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/1097-0045(20001201)45:4 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Physics-Based De Novo Prediction of RNA 3D Structures
Cao, S., & Chen, S. (2011) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp112059y · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationMongélard, F., & Bouvet, P. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Anti‐VEGF Aptamer (Pegaptanib) Therapy for Ocular Vascular Diseases
Ng, E. W. M., & Adamis, A. P. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1348.062 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Padilla, R. M. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.6.1561 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
RNA Secondary Structure Prediction
Mathews, D. H., Turner, D. H., & Zuker, M. (2007) · Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry · doi:10.1002/0471142700.nc1102s28 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Derivation of RNA aptamer inhibitors of human complement C5
Biesecker, G., Dihel, L., Enney, K., & Bendele, R. A. (1999) · Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00020-x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Predicting RNA folding thermodynamics with a reduced chain representation model
Cao, S., & Chen, S. (2005) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.2109105 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA Secondary Structure Analysis Using RNAstructure
Mathews, D. H. (2006) · Current Protocols in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/0471250953.bi1206s13 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Exploring the sequence space of a DNA aptamer using microarrays
Katilius, E., Flores, C. L., & Woodbury, N. W. (2007) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkm922 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Colombatti, M., Grasso, S., Porzia, A., Fracasso, G., Scupoli, M. T., Cingarlini, S., Poffe, O., Naim, H. Y., Heine, M., Tridente, G., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004608 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Mechanism of Ribose 2‘-Group Discrimination by an RNA Polymerase
Huang, Y., Eckstein, F., Padilla, R. M., & Sousa, R. (1997) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi962674l · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Huang, S., & Zou, X. (2010) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.22797 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationBurgstaller, P., Kochoyan, M., & Famulok, M. (1995) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/23.23.4769 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Buff, M. C. R., Schäfer, F., Wulffen, B., Müller, J., Pötzsch, B., Heckel, A., & Mayer, G. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1148 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Post-SELEX Chemical Optimization of a Trypanosome-Specific RNA Aptamer
Göringer, H. U., Adler, A., Forster, N., & Homann, M. (2008) · Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening · doi:10.2174/138620708783398331 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Watson, S. R., Chang, Y.-F., O'Connell, D., WEIGAND, L., Ringquist, S., & Parma, D. H. (2000) · Antisense and Nucleic Acid Drug Development · doi:10.1089/oli.1.2000.10.63 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
2´-Deoxy Purine, 2´-O-Methyl Pyrimidine (dRmY) Aptamers as Candidate Therapeutics
Burmeister, P. E., Wang, C., Killough, J. R., Lewis, S. D., Horwitz, L. R., Ferguson, A., Thompson, K. M., Pendergrast, P. S., McCauley, T. G., Kurz, M., et al. (2006) · Oligonucleotides · doi:10.1089/oli.2006.16.337 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Aptamers as a model for functional evaluation of LNA and 2′-amino LNA
Hernández, F. J., Kalra, N., Wengel, J., & Vester, B. (2009) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.039 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Soontornworajit, B., Zhou, J., Snipes, M. P., Battig, M. R., & Wang, Y. (2011) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.074 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Xiao, Z., Jiang, X., Beckett, M. L., & Wright, G. L. (2000) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1006/prep.2000.1222 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Green, L., Waugh, S. M., Binkley, J., Hostomska, Z., Hostomský, Z., & Tuerk, C. (1995) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.0122 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Free Energy Landscapes of RNA/RNA Complexes: With Applications to snRNA Complexes in Spliceosomes
Cao, S., & Chen, S. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.12.014 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationCoagulation Factor IXa as a Target for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism
Eikelboom, J. W., Zelenkofske, S. L., & Rusconi, C. P. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.203117 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cosmi, B. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Structural prediction and binding analysis of hybridized aptamers
Zhou, J., Soontornworajit, B., Snipes, M. P., & Wang, Y. (2010) · Journal of Molecular Recognition · doi:10.1002/jmr.1034 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kawaguchi, T., ASAKAWA, H., TASHIRO, Y., Juni, K., & Sueishi, T. (1995) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.18.474 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Chapter 8 Characterizing Ribonucleases In Vitro
Arraiano, C. M., Barbas, A., & Amblar, M. (2008) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(08)02208-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A New Computational Approach for Mechanical Folding Kinetics of RNA Hairpins
Cao, S., & Chen, S. (2009) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.044 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationFolding Kinetics for the Conformational Switch between Alternative RNA Structures
Cao, S., Fürtig, B., Schwalbe, H., & Chen, S. (2010) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp107912s · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy
Sun, L., Liu, H., Ye, Y., Lei, Y., Islam, R., Tan, S., Tong, R., Miao, Y.-B., & Cai, L. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01642-x · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Pi, F., Binzel, D. W., Lee, T. J., Li, Z., Sun, M., Rychahou, P. G., Li, H., Haque, F., Wang, S., Croce, C. M., et al. (2017) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-017-0012-z · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Liang, C., Guo, B., Wu, H., Shao, N., Li, D., Liu, J., Dang, L., Wang, C., Li, H., Li, S., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3791 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Advancement of the emerging field of RNA nanotechnology
Jasinski, D., Haque, F., Binzel, D. W., & Guo, P. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b05737 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials
He, Y., Xu, W., Xiao, Y., Huang, H., Gu, D., & Ren, S. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01042-7 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Nucleic Acid Aptamers: An Emerging Tool for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sensing
Ku, T., Zhang, T., Luo, H., Yen, T., Chen, P., Han, Y., & Lo, Y. (2015) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s150716281 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Liang, C., Li, F., Wang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, C., He, B., Li, J., Chen, Z., Shaikh, A. B., Liu, J., et al. (2017) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.015 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Brown, A., Brill, J., Amini, R., Nurmi, C., & Li, Y. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202318665 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Methods and Applications of In Silico Aptamer Design and Modeling
Buglak, A. A., Samokhvalov, A. V., Zherdev, A. V., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228420 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Targeting Axl With an High-affinity Inhibitory Aptamer
Cerchia, L., Esposito, C. L., Camorani, S., Rienzo, A., Stasio, L., Insabato, L., Affuso, A., & de Franciscis, V. (2012) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2012.163 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Aptamer–Target Binding Prediction
Chen, Z., Hu, L., Zhang, B., Lü, A., Wang, Y., Yu, Y., & Zhang, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073605 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Advances in PSMA-targeted therapy for prostate cancer
Wang, F., Li, Z., Feng, X., Yang, D., & Lin, M. (2021) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/s41391-021-00394-5 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Kwon, Y. S., Raston, N. H. A., & Gu, M. B. (2013) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c3cc47108j · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Berezhnoy, A., Stewart, C. A., McNamara, J. O., Thiel, W. H., Giangrande, P. H., Trinchieri, G., & Gilboa, E. (2012) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2012.18 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationThiel, W. H., Bair, T., Peek, A. S., Liu, X., Dassie, J. P., Stockdale, K. R., Behlke, M. A., Miller, F. J., & Giangrande, P. H. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043836 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationA comparative analysis of cell surface targeting aptamers
Kelly, L., Maier, K. E., Yan, A. C., & Levy, M. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26463-w · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Specific Delivery of MiRNA for High Efficient Inhibition of Prostate Cancer by RNA Nanotechnology
Binzel, D. W., Shu, Y., Li, H., Sun, M., Zhang, Q., Shu, D., Guo, B., & Guo, P. (2016) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2016.85 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Design and Prediction of Aptamers Assisted by In Silico Methods
Lee, S. J., Cho, J., Lee, B., Hwang, D., & Park, J.-W. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020356 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Dassie, J. P., Hernandez, L. I., Thomas, G. S., Long, M. E., Rockey, W. M., Howell, C. A., Chen, Y., Hernández, F. J., Liu, X., Wilson, M. E., et al. (2014) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2014.117 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrent Progress on aptamer-targeted Oligonucleotide Therapeutics
Dassie, J. P., & Giangrande, P. H. (2013) · Therapeutic Delivery · doi:10.4155/tde.13.118 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationBinzel, D. W., Li, X., Burns, N., Khan, E., Lee, W.-J., Chen, L.-C., Ellipilli, S., Miles, W. O., Ho, Y. S., & Guo, P. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00009 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Graphene and Other Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors
Hernández, F. J., & Özalp, V. C. (2012) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios2010001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Detchokul, S., Williams, E. D., Parker, M. W., & Frauman, A. (2013) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12260 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Aptamer Cell-Based Selection: Overview and Advances
Catuogno, S., & Esposito, C. L. (2017) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines5030049 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Aptamer-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for delivery and imaging of cancer therapeutic drugs
Hashemi, M., Shamshiri, A., Saeedi, M., Tayebi, L., & Robati, R. Y. (2020) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2020.108485 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Levay, A. K., Brenneman, R., Hoinka, J., Sant, D., Cardone, M., Trinchieri, G., Przytycka, T. M., & Berezhnoy, A. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv534 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Xu, C., Haque, F., Jasinski, D. L., Binzel, D. W., Shu, D., & Guo, P. (2017) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.043 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Le, T. T., Chumphukam, O., & Cass, A. E. G. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra08243e · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Diagnosis of prostate cancer using anti-PSMA aptamer A10-3.2-oriented lipid nanobubbles
Fan, X., Guo, Y., Wang, L., Xiong, X., Zhu, L., & Fang, K. (2016) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s112951 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Aptamer-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for simultaneous imaging and therapy of cancer
Vandghanooni, S., Barar, J., Eskandani, M., & Omidi, Y. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.115759 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hasanzadeh, A., Hamblin, M. R., Kiani, J., Noori, H., Hardie, J. M., Karimi, M., & Shafiee, H. (2022) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101665 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Structural basis of prostate-specific membrane antigen recognition by the A9g RNA aptamer
Ptáček, J., Zhang, D., Qiu, L., Kruspe, S., Motlova, L., Kolenko, P., Nováková, Z., Shubham, S., Havlínová, B., Baranová, P., et al. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa494 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalyzing Secondary Structure Patterns in DNA Aptamers Identified via CompELS
Sullivan, R. S., Adams, M. C., Naik, R. R., & Milam, V. T. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24081572 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Gu, F., Hu, C., Xia, Q., Gong, C., Shen, G., & Chen, Z. (2018) · Journal of Nanoparticle Research · doi:10.1007/s11051-018-4407-z · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Aptamers as Drug Delivery Vehicles
Kruspe, S., Mittelberger, F., Szameit, K., & Hahn, U. (2014) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.201402163 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Targeted delivery of RNAi to cancer cells using RNA-ligand displaying exosome
Uddin, N., Binzel, D. W., Shu, D., Fu, T., & Guo, P. (2022) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.019 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Using aptamers for targeted delivery of RNA therapies
Driscoll, J., Gondaliya, P., Zinn, D. A., Jain, R., Yan, I. K., Dong, H., & Patel, T. C. (2025) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.02.047 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Label-free fluorescence detection of melamine with a truncated aptamer
Gu, C., Xiang, Y., Guo, H., & Shi, H. (2016) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/c6an00537c · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Rabal, O., Pastor, F., Villanueva, H., Soldevilla, M. M., Hervás‐Stubbs, S., & Oyarzábal, J. (2016) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1038/mtna.2016.84 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Discovery of Aptamer Ligands for Hepatic Stellate Cells Using SELEX
Chen, Z., Liu, H., Jain, A., Zhang, L., Liu, C., & Cheng, K. (2017) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.19374 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Ye, H., Duan, N., Gu, H., Wang, H., & Wang, Z. (2019) · Microchimica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00604-019-3261-8 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Targeted siRNA delivery using aptamer‐siRNA chimeras and aptamer‐conjugated nanoparticles
Sivakumar, P., Kim, S., Kang, H. C., & Shim, M. S. (2018) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1543 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Taheri, R. A., Eskandari, K., & Negahdary, M. (2018) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Therapeutic aptamers in discovery, preclinical and clinical stages
Ismail, S. I., & Alshaer, W. (2018) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Stepping Library-Based Post-SELEX Strategy Approaching to the Minimized Aptamer in SPR
He, X., Guo, L., He, J., Xu, H., & Xie, J. (2017) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00700 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Musafia, B., Oren-Banaroya, R., & Noiman, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097696 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Prediction of aptamer affinity using an artificial intelligence approach
Fallah, A., Havaei, S. A., Sedighian, H., Kachuei, R., & Fooladi, A. A. I. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb00909f · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sanchez-Luque, F. J., Stich, M., Manrubia, S. C., Briones, C., & Berzal‐Herranz, A. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep06242 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Li, C., Jiang, W., Hu, Q., Li, L., Dong, L., Chen, R., Zhang, Y., Tang, Y., Thrasher, J. B., Liu, C.-B., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.8290 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
lncRNA in the liver: Prospects for fundamental research and therapy by RNA interference
Smekalova, E. M., Kotelevtsev, Y. V., Leboeuf, D., Shcherbinina, E. Y., Fefilova, A. S., Zatsepin, T. S., & Koteliansky, V. (2016) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.007 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Thevendran, R., Sarah, S., Tang, T., & Citartan, M. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.051 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Jing, P., Cao, S., Xiao, S., Zhang, X., Ke, S., Ke, F., Yu, X., Wang, L., Wang, S., Luo, Y., et al. (2016) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationHeiat, M., & Negahdary, M. (2019) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Methods for Evaluating Cell-Specific, Cell-Internalizing RNA Aptamers
Hernandez, L. I., Flenker, K. S., Hernández, F. J., Klingelhutz, A. J., McNamara, J. O., & Giangrande, P. H. (2013) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph6030295 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vitro RNA SELEX for the generation of chemically-optimized therapeutic RNA drugs
Urak, K. T., Shore, S., Rockey, W. M., Chen, S., McCaffrey, A. P., & Giangrande, P. H. (2016) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.03.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, K., Deng, J., Jin, H., Yang, X., Fan, X., Li, L., Zhao, Y., Guan, Z., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., et al. (2016) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c6ob02577c · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Vandghanooni, S., Sanaat, Z., Farahzadi, R., Eskandani, M., Omidian, H., & Omidi, Y. (2021) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.106640 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Aptamer–siRNA Chimeras for HIV
Takahashi, M. M., Burnett, J., & Rossi, J. J. (2015) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2432-5_11 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Triggering RNAi with multifunctional RNA nanoparticles and their delivery
Dao, B. N., Viard, M., Martins, A. N., Kasprzak, W. K., Shapiro, B. A., & Afonin, K. A. (2015) · DNA and RNA Nanotechnology · doi:10.1515/rnan-2015-0001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Azri, F. A., Selamat, J., Sukor, R., Yusof, N. A., Raston, N. H. A., Eissa, S., Zourob, M. M., & Chinnappan, R. (2021) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03336-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Probing high-affinity 11-mer DNA aptamer against Lup an 1 (β-conglutin)
Nadal, P., Svobodová, M., Mairal, T., & O’Sullivan, C. K. (2013) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7385-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Improved Cancer Targeting by Multimerizing Aptamers on Nanoscaffolds
Omer, M., Andersen, V. L., Nielsen, J. S., Wengel, J., & Kjems, J. (2020) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.013 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Metal-Labeled Aptamers as Novel Nanoprobes for Imaging Mass Cytometry Analysis
Yu, Y., Dang, J., Liu, X., Wang, L., Li, S., Zhang, T., & Ding, X. (2020) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05159 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular bioengineering of functional nucleic acids
Du, Z., Wu, X., Dang, Y., Wu, Q., Fu, T., He, L., Wang, X., Mou, S., Fang, X., Qu, F., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00361-y · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Structural computational modeling of RNA aptamers
Xu, X., Dickey, D. D., Chen, S., & Giangrande, P. H. (2016) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.03.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, A., Brill, J., Amini, R., Nurmi, C., & Li, Y. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202318665 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
In Vitro Selection and Characterization of DNA Aptamers to a Small Molecule Target
Ruscito, A., McConnell, E. M., Koudrina, A., Velu, R., Mattice, C., Hunt, V., McKeague, M., & DeRosa, M. C. (2017) · Current Protocols in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1002/cpch.28 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Selection and Identification of Skeletal-Muscle-Targeted RNA Aptamers
Philippou, S., Mastroyiannopoulos, N. P., Makrides, N., Lederer, C. W., Kleanthous, M., & Phylactou, L. A. (2017) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Baiz, D., Hassan, S., Choi, Y. A., Flores, A., Karpova, Y., Yancey, D., Pullikuth, A., Sui, G., Sadelain, M., Debinski, W., et al. (2013) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1593/neo.13986 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Morena, F., Argentati, C., Tortorella, I., Emiliani, C., & Martino, S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22136874 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Developing slow-off dickkopf-1 aptamers for early-diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Zhou, Y., Li, W., Tseng, Y., Zhang, J., & Liu, J. (2018) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.014 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Han, X., Qin, M., Lü, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2024.136908 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pundir, M., Rosa, M. C. D., Lobanova, L., Abdulmawjood, S., Chen, D., Papagerakis, S. M., & Papagerakis, P. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.340971 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Revealing Nucleic Acid Mutations Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Probes
Junager, N., Kongsted, J., & Astakhova, K. (2016) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s16081173 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Suppression of Prostate Cancer Metastasis by DPYSL3-Targeted saRNA
Li, B., & Li, C. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4310-9_15 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Park, H., Lee, H., Lee, M., Baek, C., Park, J. A., Jang, M., Kwon, Y., Min, J., & Lee, T. (2023) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00249 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Navaneeth, A. G., & Karthikeyan, S. (2024) · RSC Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1039/d3pm00027c · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Diagnostic Potential of RNA Aptamers against the NS1 Protein of Dengue Virus Serotype 2
Thevendran, R., Rogini, S., Leighton, G., Mutombwera, A., Shigdar, S. L., Tang, T., & Citartan, M. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12050722 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted NIR Phototheranostics for Prostate Cancer
Solanki, K., Ahmed, N., Srivastava, N., & Meher, N. (2024) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.4c00819 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Theranostic “SMART” Aptamer for Targeted Therapy of Prostate Cancer
de Franciscis, V. (2014) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2014.190 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Improved Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of an Aptamer Ribosomal Toxin Conjugate
Kelly, L., Kratschmer, C., Maier, K. E., Yan, A. C., & Levy, M. (2016) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/nat.2015.0599 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wang, H., Qin, M., Liu, R., Ding, X., Chen, I. S. Y., & Jiang, Y. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55280-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bioinformatics Algorithms for Molecular Docking: IT and Chemistry Synergy
Rodriguez, M., Tejani, J. G., Pydipalli, R., & Patel, B. (2018) · Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment · doi:10.18034/apjee.v5i2.742 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nanotechnology Meets the Tumor Microenvironment: Unlocking New Horizons in Cancer Therapy
Yadav, P., Yadav, A. K., & Bhatia, D. D. (2025) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01120 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Competition-Enhanced Ligand Selection to Identify DNA Aptamers
Tapp, M., Slocik, J. M., Dennis, P. B., Naik, R. R., & Milam, V. T. (2018) · ACS Combinatorial Science · doi:10.1021/acscombsci.8b00048 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Optimization of Short RNA Aptamers for TNBC Cell Targeting
Camorani, S., d’Argenio, A., Agnello, L., Nilo, R., Zannetti, A., Ibarra, L. E., Fedele, M., & Cerchia, L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23073511 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Aptamers and apple pies: a mini-review of PSMA aptamers and lessons from Donald S. Coffey.
Lupold, S. E. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hoque, A. A., Dutta, D., Paul, B., Kumari, L., Ehsan, I., Dhara, M., Mukherjee, B., Quadir, M., Kaipparettu, B. A., Laha, S., et al. (2023) · Cancer Nanotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12645-023-00223-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Presnell, K. V., & Alper, H. S. (2017) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/c7me00083a · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Weaver, S. D., & Whelan, R. J. (2021) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/d0ay02256j · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Metamorphosis of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors
Nikfarjam, Z., Zargari, F., Nowroozi, A., & Bavi, O. (2022) · Biophysical Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12551-021-00919-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wu, W., Sun, Q., Li, T., Liu, K., Jiang, Y. L., Wang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2022.114849 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Prediction of shorter oligonucleotide sequences recognizing aflatoxin M1
Pandey, A. K., Rajput, Y. S., Singh, D., & Sharma, R. (2017) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/bab.1586 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nucleic acid aptamers in orthopedic diseases: promising therapeutic agents for bone disorders
He, Z., Peng, Q., Bin, W., Zhao, L., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Yang, W., Yan, X., & Liu, H. (2025) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-025-00447-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Identification of novel aptamers targeting cathepsin B-overexpressing prostate cancer cells
Pereira, A. C., Pina, A. F., Sousa, D. A., Ferreira, D., Pereira, A. C., Rodrigues, J. L., Melo, L. D. R., Sales, M. G. F., Sousa, S. F., & Rodrigues, L. R. (2022) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/d2me00022a · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Biomaterials Development
Battig, M. R., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396983-5.00018-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Manipulating the in vivo immune response by targeted gene knockdown
Lieberman, J. (2015) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2015.06.005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yeoh, T. S., Hamdani, H. Y., Bukari, B. A., Tang, T., & Citartan, M. (2023) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117186 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ramirez, S. R. M., Samiseresht, N., Martínez-Roque, M. A., Catania, F., Graef, K., Rabe, M., Offenhäusser, A., Mayer, D., & Miranda, G. F. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15010024 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
RNA aptamer-mediated gene therapy of prostate cancer: lessons from the past and future directions
Arese, M., Mahmoudian, M., & Bussolino, F. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2023.2292691 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rockey, W. M., Hernandez, F. J., Huang, S.-Y., Cao, S., Howell, C. A., Thomas, G. S., Liu, X. Y., Lapteva, N., Spencer, D. M., Mcnamara, J. O., Zou, X., Chen, S.-J., & Giangrande, P. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Iowa
- University of Missouri (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Giangrande, Paloma H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-10-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 299-314
- ISSN
- 2159-3337 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-3345
- PMC
- PMC3198747
- OpenAlex
- W2078728864
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0953839, 0920411, 0920067, CAREER)
- Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust (01-224, RJCCT 01-224)
- Radiological Society of North America
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA138503)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 063732, R01GM063732, R21GM088517)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R21DE019953)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Keywords
- RNA aptamers, prostate-specific membrane antigen, aptamer therapeutics, RNA tertiary structure prediction, protein-RNA docking, targeted cancer therapy
- MeSH terms
- Computer Simulation, Humans, Male, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protein Binding, Recombinant Proteins, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Design, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Protein Transport, Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II, Cell Line, Tumor, Aptamers, Nucleotide, Enzyme Assays
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review