The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Animate Models of Human Head Injury
Abstract
A review of animal models of nonpenetrating head injury caused by mechanical energy is presented that focuses on the ability of various categories of models and their relationships to the types of head injury seen in humans. Basic hypotheses of animal modeling of human disease and outcome measures are addressed. Current models are reviewed and compared for their differences and similarities regarding behavioral, pathologic, physiologic, and biochemical fidelity to human head injury.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate
Gennarelli, T. A., Thibault, L. E., Adams, J. H., Graham, D. I., Thompson, C. J., & Marcincin, R. P. (1982) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410120611 · Cited by 1,528
Self-citationA new model of diffuse brain injury in rats: Part I: Pathophysiology and biomechanics
Marmarou, A., Foda, M. A. A.-E., Brink, W. V. D., Campbell, J., Kita, H., & Demetriadou, K. (1994) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1994.80.2.0291 · Cited by 1,229
A controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury in the rat
Edward Dixon, C., Clifton, G. L., Lighthall, J. W., Yaghmai, A. A., & Hayes, R. L. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(91)90104-8 · Cited by 1,141
Traumatic brain injury in the rat: Characterization of a lateral fluid-percussion model
McIntosh, T. K., Vink, R., Noble, L., Yamakami, I., Fernyak, S., Soares, H., & Faden, A. L. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90247-9 · Cited by 1,127
A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat
Dixon, C. E., Lyeth, B. G., Povlishock, J. T., Findling, R. L., Hamm, R. J., Marmarou, A., Young, H. F., & Hayes, R. L. (1987) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1987.67.1.0110 · Cited by 1,034
OMMAYA, A. K., & GENNARELLI, T. A. (1974) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/97.1.633 · Cited by 1,026
Self-citationResponses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat
Feeney, D. M., Boyeson, M. G., Linn, R. T., Murray, H. M., & Dail, W. G. (1981) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90067-6 · Cited by 731
Gennarelli, T. A., Spielman, G. M., Langfitt, T. W., Gildenberg, P. L., Harrington, T., Jane, J. A., Marshall, L. F., Miller, J. D., & Pitts, L. H. (1982) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1982.56.1.0026 · Cited by 582
Self-citationEXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL CONCUSSION
DENNY-BROWN, D., & RUSSELL, W. R. (1941) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/64.2-3.93 · Cited by 544
Controlled Cortical Impact: A New Experimental Brain Injury Model
LIGHTHALL, J. W. (1988) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.1988.5.1 · Cited by 476
Cited by
Cernak, I. (2005) · NeuroRX · doi:10.1602/neurorx.2.3.410 · Cited by 462
Frequency and Location of Head Impact Exposures in Individual Collegiate Football Players
Crisco, J. J., Fiore, R., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Brolinson, P. G., Duma, S., McAllister, T. W., Duhaime, A.-C., & Greenwald, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549 · Cited by 429
Experimental models of traumatic brain injury: do we really need to build a better mousetrap?
Morales, D. M., Marklund, N., Lebold, D., Thompson, H. J., Pitkanen, A., Maxwell, W. L., Longhi, L., Laurer, H., Maegele, M., Neugebauer, E., et al. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.030 · Cited by 339
Recent advances in neurotrauma
Graham, D. I., McIntosh, T. K., Maxwell, W. L., & Nicoll, J. A. R. (2000) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/59.8.641 · Cited by 328
Adaptation of the fluid percussion injury model to the mouse
CARBONELL, W. S., MARIS, D. O., McCALL, T., & GRADY, M. S. (1998) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.217 · Cited by 157
Metadata
- Authors
- GENNARELLI, T. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurotrauma
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1994-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 357-368
- ISSN
- 0897-7151 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9042
- OpenAlex
- W1970761811
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 10.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Animate Models of Human Head Injury. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1089/neu.1994.11.357
- The paper
- GENNARELLI, T. A. (1994). Animate Models of Human Head Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1994.11.357
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.