Frequency and Location of Head Impact Exposures in Individual Collegiate Football Players

Crisco, Joseph J.; Fiore, Russell; Beckwith, Jonathan G.; Chu, Jeffrey J.; Brolinson, Per Gunnar; Duma, Stefan; McAllister, Thomas W.; Duhaime, Ann-Christine; Greenwald, Richard M.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549

Cited by 429Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchSports injuries and preventionAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

Frequency and Location of Head Impact Exposures in Individual Collegiate Football Players

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Crisco, Joseph J., Fiore, Russell, Beckwith, Jonathan G., Chu, Jeffrey J., Brolinson, Per Gunnar, Duma, Stefan, McAllister, Thomas W., Duhaime, Ann-Christine +1 more·2010·Journal of Athletic Training

DOI 10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549PMC PMC2978006

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Abstract

Context: Measuring head impact exposure is a critical step toward understanding the mechanism and prevention of sport-related mild traumatic brain (concussion) injury, as well as the possible effects of repeated subconcussive impacts. Objective: To quantify the frequency and location of head impacts that individual players received in 1 season among 3 collegiate teams, between practice and game sessions, and among player positions. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Collegiate football field. Patients or Other Participants: One hundred eighty-eight players from 3 National Collegiate Athletic Association football teams. Intervention(s): Participants wore football helmets instrumented with an accelerometer-based system during the 2007 fall season. Main Outcome Measure(s): The number of head impacts greater than 10 g and location of the impacts on the player's helmet were recorded and analyzed for trends and interactions among teams (A, B, or C), session types, and player positions using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: The total number of impacts players received was nonnormally distributed and varied by team, session type, and player position. The maximum number of head impacts for a single player on each team was 1022 (team A), 1412 (team B), and 1444 (team C). The median number of head impacts on each team was 4.8 (team A), 7.5 (team B), and 6.6 (team C) impacts per practice and 12.1 (team A), 14.6 (team B), and 16.3 (team C) impacts per game. Linemen and linebackers had the largest number of impacts per practice and per game. Offensive linemen had a higher percentage of impacts to the front than to the back of the helmet, whereas quarterbacks had a higher percentage to the back than to the front of the helmet. Conclusions: The frequency of head impacts and the location on the helmet where the impacts occur are functions of player position and session type. These data provide a basis for quantifying specific head impact exposure for studies related to understanding the biomechanics and clinical aspects of concussion injury, as well as the possible effects of repeated subconcussive impacts in football.

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An offensive lineman in American football can experience over 1,000 subconcussive hits over the level of 10g in the course of a single collegiate season.
“an offensive lineman in American football can experience over 1,000 subconcussive hits over the level of 10g in the course of a single collegiate season [41].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [41]

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Head impact exposure in collegiate football players
Crisco, J. J., Wilcox, B. J., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Duhaime, A.-C., Rowson, S., Duma, S. M., Maerlender, A. C., McAllister, T. W., & Greenwald, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.08.003 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
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Magnitude of Head Impact Exposures in Individual Collegiate Football Players
Crisco, J. J., Wilcox, B. J., Machan, J. T., McAllister, T. W., Duhaime, A., Duma, S. M., Rowson, S., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., & Greenwald, R. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Biomechanics · doi:10.1123/jab.28.2.174 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
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MEASUREMENT OF HEAD IMPACTS IN COLLEGIATE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Mihalik, J. P., Bell, D. R., Marshall, S. W., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2007) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000306101.83882.c8 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Head Impact Exposure and Magnitude in High School Football by Player Position (IN5-1.004)
Karis, N., Eckner, J. T., Kutcher, J. S., & Broglio, S. P. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.80.7_supplement.in5-1.004

Authors: Crisco, J. J., Fiore, R., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Brolinson, P. G., Duma, S., McAllister, T. W., Duhaime, A.-C., & Greenwald, R. M.
Affiliations: Brown University (US)
Simbex (United States) (US)
Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (US)
Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences (US)
Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author: Crisco, Joseph J.
ORCID: Crisco, Joseph J.
Brolinson, Per Gunnar
McAllister, Thomas W.
Duhaime, Ann-Christine
Venue: Journal of Athletic Training
Publisher: National Athletic Trainers' Association
Published: 2010-11
Volume: 45
Issue: 6
Pages: 549-559
ISSN: 1062-6050 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549
PMC: PMC2978006
OpenAlex: W2107447135
Cited by: 429
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 16.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Athletic Training (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Brown University
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Dartmouth College
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS055020)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD048638, R44HD40473)
National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords: head impact exposure, college football, concussion, subconcussive impacts, impact location, playing position, linemen, offensive linemen, quarterback
MeSH terms: Acceleration, Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion, Brain Injuries, Football, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic, United States, Universities, Cohort Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult

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Frequency and Location of Head Impact Exposures in Individual Collegiate Football Players

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