Cited by 218Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationDiabetes Management and ResearchArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Transforming Diabetes Care Through Artificial Intelligence: The Future Is Here

Open access
Dankwa-Mullan, Irene, Rivo, Marc, Sepulveda, Marisol, Park, Yoonyoung, Snowdon, Jane, Rhee, Kyu·2019·Population Health Management

Abstract

An estimated 425 million people globally have diabetes, accounting for 12% of the world's health expenditures, and yet 1 in 2 persons remain undiagnosed and untreated. Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing offer promise in diabetes care. The purpose of this article is to better understand what AI advances may be relevant today to persons with diabetes (PWDs), their clinicians, family, and caregivers. The authors conducted a predefined, online PubMed search of publicly available sources of information from 2009 onward using the search terms “diabetes” and “artificial intelligence.” The study included clinically-relevant, high-impact articles, and excluded articles whose purpose was technical in nature. A total of 450 published diabetes and AI articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies represent a diverse and complex set of innovative approaches that aim to transform diabetes care in 4 main areas: automated retinal screening, clinical decision support, predictive population risk stratification, and patient self-management tools. Many of these new AI-powered retinal imaging systems, predictive modeling programs, glucose sensors, insulin pumps, smartphone applications, and other decision-support aids are on the market today with more on the way. AI applications have the potential to transform diabetes care and help millions of PWDs to achieve better blood glucose control, reduce hypoglycemic episodes, and reduce diabetes comorbidities and complications. AI applications offer greater accuracy, efficiency, ease of use, and satisfaction for PWDs, their clinicians, family, and caregivers.

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Crossref · 10.1089/pop.2018.0129

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  • AI models have already begun to revolutionize how new drugs are identified and developed.

    “AI models have already begun to revolutionize how new drugs are identified and developed, and their applications in diabetes therapeutics are particularly promising (114).”

    From Generative artificial intelligence in predictive analysis of diabetes and its complications: a narrative review (2025) · cites this paper as [114]

    The Discussion reports that machine learning helps customize diabetes medications and that AI approaches are being developed for diabetes treatment, supporting the promise of AI in diabetes care. It does not say that AI is revolutionizing the identification or development of new drugs; its medication example concerns adherence and health outcomes, not drug discovery. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • Several studies have shown improved diagnostic accuracy, patient triage, and clerical burden reduction.

    “On the other hand, several studies have shown improved diagnostic accuracy, patient triage, and clerical burden reduction.10,11”

    From Clinician Adoption of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Detect Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Primary Care. (2022) · cites this paper as [10]

    The Results report high sensitivity and specificity for AI-based diabetic-retinopathy screening, and the Discussion describes screening decisions that lead to immediate specialist referrals. These support diagnostic performance and a form of patient triage. Our copy does not report that the studies reduced clerical burden. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [1]International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF diabetes atlas, 7th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2015
  2. [6]National Center for Biotechnology Information; US National Library of Medicine. PubMed. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Accessed 7 18, 2018
  3. [44]Zhang W, Yu Q, Siddiquie B, Divakaran A, Sawhney H “Snap-n-Eat”: food recognition and nutrition estimation on a smartphone. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 9: 525– 533 25901024 PMC4604540
  4. [52]Hutson TM Missing data hinder replication of artificial intelligence studies. www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/02/missing-data-hinder-replication-artificial-intelligence-studies? Accessed 7 18, 2018

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Authors
Dankwa-Mullan, I., Rivo, M., Sepulveda, M., Park, Y., Snowdon, J., & Rhee, K.
Affiliations
  • IBM Corporation, Watson Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
  • Population Health Innovations, Inc., Miami Beach, Florida.
  • University of Iowa (US)
  • IBM Research - Cambridge (United States) (US)
  • IBM (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Rivo, Marc
Venue
Population Health Management
Published
2019-05-30
Volume
22
Issue
3
Pages
229-242
ISSN
  • 1942-7891 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-7905
OpenAlex
W2893457521
Cited by
217
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
FWCI
4.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Population Health Management (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Keywords
artificial intelligence, diabetes management, automated retinal screening, clinical decision support, diabetes risk stratification, predictive modeling, patient self-management, glucose monitoring, insulin pump, mobile application, glycemic control, hypoglycemia, diabetes complications, cognitive computing
MeSH terms
Self-Management, Artificial Intelligence, Decision Support Techniques, Diabetes Mellitus, Forecasting, Humans, Retina, Risk Assessment

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