CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 86Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Graves' Disease and Toxic Nodular Goiter Are Both Associated with Increased Mortality But Differ with Respect to the Cause of Death: A Danish Population-Based Register Study

Brandt, Frans, Thvilum, Marianne, Almind, Dorthe, Christensen, Kaare, Green, Anders, Hegedüs, Laszlo, Brix, Thomas Heiberg·2013·Thyroid
DOI 10.1089/thy.2012.0500
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hyperthyroidism has been associated with increased all-cause mortality. Whether the underlying cause of hyperthyroidism influences this association is unclear. Our objectives were to explore whether mortality risk and cause of death differ between Graves' disease (GD) and toxic nodular goiter (TNG). METHODS: This is an observational cohort study, using record-linkage data from nationwide Danish health registers. A total of 1291 subjects with GD and 861 with TNG, treated in a hospital setting, were identified and followed for a mean period of 11 years. Cases were matched 1:4 with nonhyperthyroid controls with respect to age and sex. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was calculated using Cox regression analyses. All analyses were adjusted for comorbidity using the Charlson score. RESULTS: Both GD (HR=1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-1.60]) and TNG (HR=1.22 [CI 1.07-1.40]) were associated with increased all-cause mortality. After stratification for the cause of death, GD was associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (HR=1.49 [CI 1.25-1.77]) and lung diseases (HR=1.91 [CI 1.37-2.65]), whereas TNG was associated with increased cancer mortality (HR=1.36 [CI 1.06-1.75]). When analyzing mortality in GD using TNG individuals as controls, there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between GD and TNG. However, GD was clearly associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.39 [CI 1.10-1.76]) compared to TNG. CONCLUSION: Both GD and TNG, treated in a hospital setting, are associated with increased all-cause mortality. The causes of death differ between the two phenotypes, with cardiovascular mortality being significantly higher in GD.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1089/thy.2012.0500

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Brandt, F., Thvilum, M., Almind, D., Christensen, K., Green, A., Hegedüs, L., & Brix, T. H.
Affiliations
  • Odense University Hospital (DK)
  • University of Southern Denmark (DK)
  • Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Corresponding author
Brandt, Frans
ORCID
Venue
Thyroid
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2013-04
Volume
23
Issue
4
Pages
408-413
ISSN
  • 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-9077
DOI
10.1089/thy.2012.0500
OpenAlex
W2016304593
Cited by
86
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5
FWCI
5.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Thyroid (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter, hyperthyroidism, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, causes of death
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Denmark, Female, Goiter, Nodular, Graves Disease, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Male, Middle Aged, Registries

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review