Annexin A2 regulates phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments in the mouse retina
Open accessAbstract
The daily phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments by pigment epithelial cells is critical for the maintenance of the retina. In a subtractive polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found that functional differentiation of human ARPE19 retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is accompanied by up-regulation of annexin (anx) A2, a major Src substrate and regulator of membrane-cytoskeleton dynamics. Here, we show that anx A2 is recruited to the nascent phagocytic cup in vitro and in vivo and that it fully dissociates once the phagosome is internalized. In ARPE19 cells depleted of anx A2 by using small interfering RNA and in ANX A2(-/-) mice the phagocytosis of outer segments was impaired, and in ANX A2(-/-) mice there was an accumulation of phagocytosed outer segments in the RPE apical processes, indicative of retarded phagosome transport. We show that anx A2 is tyrosine phosphorylated at the onset of phagocytosis and that the synchronized activation of focal adhesion kinase and c-Src is abnormal in ANX A2(-/-) mice. These findings reveal that anx A2 is involved in the circadian regulation of outer segment phagocytosis, and they provide new insight into the protein machinery that regulates phagocytic function in RPE cells.
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ANXA2 is a membrane-associated protein that regulates actin dynamics and binds signaling intermediates, serving as a direct or indirect linker between the phagosome membrane and actin cytoskeleton.
“Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a membrane-associated protein that regulates actin dynamics and binds signaling intermediates such as Ca2+, cholesterol-rich membranes, and phosphoinositides, serving as a direct or indirect linker between the phagosome membrane and actin cytoskeleton (Turowski et al., 2004; Law et al., 2009).”
From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Law et al., 2009
Anxa2−/− mice show phagosome accumulation in the apical microvilli, an observation not noted in wild type mice, strongly suggesting delayed phagosome ingestion in the absence of ANXA2.
“Similarly, Anxa2−/− mice show phagosome accumulation in the apical microvilli (Law et al., 2009), an observation not noted in wild type mice, strongly suggesting delayed phagosome ingestion in the absence of ANXA2.”
From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Law et al., 2009
ANXA2 localizes to the phagocytic cup and the early phagosome but dissociates from fully ingested phagosomes, mirroring the association kinetics of actin.
“Consistent with its function, ANXA2 localizes to the phagocytic cup and the early phagosome but dissociates from fully ingested phagosomes (in vivo and in vitro) (Law et al., 2009), mirroring the association kinetics of actin.”
From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Law et al., 2009
The monoclonal antibody 1D4 primarily detects phagosomes in the apical, but not basal RPE, indicative of early phagosomes.
“For example, the monoclonal antibody, 1D4, whose epitope corresponds to the C-terminus of rod opsin (Molday and MacKenzie, 1983), primarily detects phagosomes in the apical, but not basal RPE, indicative of early phagosomes (Law et al., 2009; Esteve-Rudd et al., 2014; Wavre-Shapton et al., 2014).”
From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Law et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Law, A.-L., Ling, Q., Hajjar, K. A., Futter, C. E., Greenwood, J., Adamson, P., Wavre-Shapton, S. T., Moss, S. E., & Hayes, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- *Department of Cell Biology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom; and
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 3896-3904
- ISSN
- 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4586
- PMC
- PMC2735488
- OpenAlex
- W2167429009
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (GR072694MF)
- University College London
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL042493, P01HL046403, HL-42493, R01HL067939, HL 67939, HL-46403)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Keywords
- annexin A2, photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis, retinal pigment epithelium, ARPE-19 cells, tyrosine phosphorylation, focal adhesion kinase, Src kinase, circadian regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Phagocytosis, Phagosomes, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Retina, Rod Cell Outer Segment, Swine, Signal Transduction, Annexin A2, Mice, Knockout, RNA, Small Interfering, Mice
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