CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 615Feminism, Gender, and IntersectionalityPhilosophical Ethics and TheoryPolitical Philosophy and Ethics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 206 of the 206 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global

Held, Virginia·2005
DOI 10.1093/0195180992.001.0001
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The book presents the ethics of care as a promising alternative to more familiar moral theories. The ethics of care is only a few decades old, yet it has become a distinct moral theory or normative approach, relevant to global and political matters as well as to the personal relations that can most clearly exemplify care. The book examines the central ideas, characteristics, and potential importance of the ethics of care. It discusses the feminist roots of this moral approach and why the ethics of care can be a morality with universal appeal. The book explores what is meant by “care” and what a caring person is like. Where such other moral theories as Kantian morality and utilitarianism demand impartiality above all, the ethics of care understands the moral import of ties to families and groups. It evaluates such ties, differing from virtue ethics by focusing on caring relations rather than the virtues of individuals. The book proposes how values such as justice, equality, and individual rights can “fit together” with values such as care, trust, mutual consideration, and solidarity. In considering the potential of the ethics of care for dealing with social issues, the book shows how the ethics of care is more promising than other moral theories for advice on how limited or expansive markets should be, showing how values other than market ones should have priority in such activities as childcare, health care, education, and in cultural activities. Finally, the book connects the ethics of care with the rising interest in civil society, and with limits on what law and rights are thought able to accomplish. It shows the promise of the ethics of care for dealing with global problems and with efforts to foster international civility.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/0195180992.001.0001

Cites

206 of 206 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 82

  1. Addelson,, 1991, Impure Thoughts: Essays on Philosophy, Feminism, and Ethics.
  2. Almond,, 1965, Civic Culture
  3. Andrew,, 2001, Angels, Rubbish Collectors, and Pursuers of Erotic Joy: The Image of the Ethical Woman,
  4. Baier,, 2004, Setting the Moral Compass
  5. Baron,, 1997, Three Methods of Ethics.
  6. Bartlett,, 1989, Feminist Legal Theory: Readings in Law and Gender
  7. Becker,, 1981, A Treatise on the Family.
  8. Blustein,, 1991, Care and Commitment.
  9. Calhoun,, 2004, Setting the Moral Compass
  10. Copp,, 1998, Necessary Goods
  11. Dahl,, 1970, After the Revolution
  12. Dancy,, 1997, Reading Parfit.
  13. Darwall,, 1983, Impartial Reason
  14. Darwall,, 1998, Philosophical Ethics.
  15. De, 1955, Democracy in America
  16. Dewey,, 1916, Democracy and Education
  17. Di, 2000, American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy
  18. Ferguson,, 1981, Women and Revolution
  19. Fisher,, 1990, Circles of Care
  20. Foot,, 1978, Virtues and Vices
  21. Galston,, 1992, Liberal Purposes
  22. Gauthier,, 1986, Morals by Agreement
  23. Gilligan,, 1987, Women and Moral Theory
  24. Goodin,, 1988, Reasons for Welfare, 10.1515/9780691221878 · DOI
  25. Gutmann,, 1987, Democratic Education
  26. Hampton,, 1997, Political Philosophy
  27. Hanigsberg,, 1999, Mother Troubles: Rethinking Contemporary Maternal Dilemmas.
  28. Harding,, 1987, Women and Moral Theory
  29. Hartsock,, 1983, Money, Sex, and Power: Toward a Feminist Historical Materialism
  30. Hays,, 2000, Commercialism in U.S. Schools Is Examined in New Report., New York Times
  31. Henkin,, 1990, The Age of Rights
  32. Henkin,, 1989, Right v. Wrong: International Law and the Use of Force.
  33. Hirschmann,, 1996, Revisioning the Political: Feminist Reconstructions of Traditional Concepts in Western Political Theory
  34. Hobbes,, 1972, The Citizen: Philosophical Rudiments Concerning Government and Society
  35. Houston,, 1987, Science, Morality and Feminist Theory
  36. Jaggar,, 1995, Justice and Care: Essential Readings in Feminist Ethics
  37. Kittay,, 1995, Taking Dependency Seriously.
  38. Kittay,, 1999, Love's Labor: Essays on Women, Equality, and Dependency
  39. Kittay,, 1987, Women and Moral Theory
  40. Levine,, 2000, The Soul of a New University., New York Times
  41. Lugones,, 1991, Feminist Ethics
  42. MacKinnon,, 1987, Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law
  43. McLaren,, 2001, Feminists Doing Ethics
  44. Mahowald,, 1998, Disability, Difference, Discrimination
  45. Manning,, 1999, How Corporations Are Buying Their Way into American Classrooms., Nation
  46. Mansbridge,, 1996, Revisioning the Political: Feminist Reconstructions of Traditional Concepts in Western Political Theory
  47. Meyers,, 2004, Setting the Moral Compass
  48. Morgan,, 1987, Science, Morality and Feminist Theory
  49. Nagel,, 1970, The Possibility of Altruism
  50. Narayan,, 1997, Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions and Third World Women.
  51. Nelson,, 2001, Feminists Doing Ethics.
  52. Nussbaum,, 1986, The Fragility of Goodness.
  53. Nussbaum,, 1999, Sex and Social Justice
  54. Petchesky,, 1985, Abortion and Women's Choice: The State, Sexuality, and Reproductive Freedom.
  55. Peterson,, 1993, Global Gender Issues
  56. Phillips,, 1995, The Politics of Presence
  57. Posner,, 1992, Economic Analysis of Law
  58. Potter,, 2001, Feminists Doing Ethics
  59. Putnam,, 1994, Making Democracy Work.
  60. Rawls,, 1993, Political Liberalism
  61. Robinson,, 1999, Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory, and International Affairs
  62. Ruddick,, 1995, Justice and Care: Essential Readings in Feminist Ethics
  63. Ruddick,, 1998, Norms and Values: Essays on the Work of Virginia Held
  64. Shue,, 1980, Basic Rights
  65. Slaughter,, 2004, A New World Order
  66. Slote,, 1983, Goods and Virtues
  67. Slote,, 1992, From Morality to Virtue.
  68. Smith,, 1995, American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy
  69. Spelman,, 1988, Inessential Woman.
  70. Taylor,, 1985, Philosophical Papers
  71. Tessman,, 2001, Feminists Doing Ethics
  72. Tester,, 1992, Civil Society
  73. Thomson,, 2001, Goodness and Advice: With Commentary
  74. Tickner,, 2001, Gendering World Politics
  75. Traub,, 2000, This Campus is Being Simulated., The New York Times Magazine
  76. Tronto,, 1996, Revisioning the Political: Feminist Reconstructions of Traditional Concepts in Western Political Theory
  77. Valls,, 2000, Ethics in International Affairs
  78. Walker,, 2003, Moral Contexts
  79. Wallace,, 1978, Virtues and Vices
  80. Walzer,, 1977, Just and Unjust Wars
  81. Wasserstrom,, 1970, War and Morality
  82. Yuan,, 2002, Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 615

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Held, V.
Affiliations
The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
Corresponding author
Held, Virginia
Publisher
Oxford University PressNew York
Published
2005-12-01
DOI
10.1093/0195180992.001.0001
OpenAlex
W4244032312
Cited by
615
References
206
Citations by year
2026: 134 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.72
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminism, Gender, and Intersectionality
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Philosophy and Ethics
Keywords
care ethics, moral theory, feminist ethics, care, impartiality, family ties, virtue ethics, Kantian ethics, utilitarianism, justice, equality, individual rights, solidarity, trust, civil society, global challenges, child care, health care, education

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review