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Moral Machines
Abstract
The human‐built environment is increasingly being populated by artificial agents that, through artificial intelligence (AI), are capable of acting autonomously. The software controlling these autonomous systems is, to‐date, “ethically blind” in the sense that the decision‐making capabilities of such systems does not involve any explicit moral reasoning. The title Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong refers to the need for these increasingly autonomous systems (robots and software bots) to become capable of factoring ethical and moral considerations into their decision making. The new field of inquiry directed at the development of artificial moral agents is referred to by a number of names including machine morality, machine ethics, roboethics, or artificial morality. Engineers exploring design strategies for systems sensitive to moral considerations in their choices and actions will need to determine what role ethical theory should play in defining control architectures for such systems.
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“Several expert committees have been created to this end, such as the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence appointed by the European Commission, the Expert Group on AI in Society of the OECD, and the Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence of the UK's House of Lords.153”
From Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Decisions (2023) · cites this paper as [153]
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Awad, E., Dsouza, S., Kim, R., Schulz, J., Henrich, J., Shariff, A., Bonnefon, J.-F., & Rahwan, I. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0637-6 · Cited by 1,859
The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles
Bonnefon, J.-F., Shariff, A., & Rahwan, I. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf2654 · Cited by 1,527
“algorithms that control AVs will need to embed moral principles guiding their decisions in situations of unavoidable harm (10).”
BackgroundGranny and the robots: ethical issues in robot care for the elderly
Sharkey, A., & Sharkey, N. (2012) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9234-6 · Cited by 985
“Similar sensitive customisation of monitoring robots, using a value sensitive design approach, may well turn out to be the best way of garnering the advantages afforded by robots, without reducing the quality of life of the elderly (see Forlizzi et al. 2004 for a related approach).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialArtificial Intelligence, Values, and Alignment
Gabriel, I. (2020) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09539-2 · Cited by 896
The ethics of artificial intelligence
Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2014) · The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139046855.020 · Cited by 918
Metadata
- Authors
- Wallach, W., & Allen, C.
- Venue
- Oxford University Press
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2009-02-01
- OpenAlex
- W4247462173
- Cited by
- 711
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 22.38
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Keywords
- machine ethics, artificial morality, robot ethics, autonomous systems, ethical decision-making, control architecture, moral theory, robots, bots
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