Machine morality: bottom-up and top-down approaches for modelling human moral faculties
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The hybrid approach combines the top-down and bottom-up approaches and is the current mainstream of AI algorithm design.
“The hybrid approach combines the first two and is the current mainstream of AI algorithm design.”
From Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence (2023) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Wallach, W., Allen, C., & Smit, I.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wallach, Wendell
- Venue
- AI & SOCIETY
- Published
- 2007-03-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 565-582
- ISSN
- 0951-5666 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-5655
- OpenAlex
- W2081590306
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- AI & Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- ethical decision-making, moral agents, moral theory, control architecture, bottom-up approach, top-down approach, autonomous robots, AI ethics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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