Cyber War versus Cyber Realities: Cyber Conflict in the International System
Abstract
Much of the talk centered on the concept of cyber conflict and the changing dynamic of future conflict is founded on the study of spectacular flights of imagination of what could be. This book enters into the debate to push discussion of the issue toward realistic evaluation of the tactic in modern international interactions. This book’s investigation exhaustively examines information on all cyber incidents and disputes in the last decade in order to delineate the patterns of cyber conflict as reflected by evidence. The goal of this book is to develop a theory of cyber conflict, analyze the empirical patterns of cyber conflict between antagonists, investigate the impact of cyber conflict on foreign policy interactions, delve deeper with a close examination of some recent and popular cyber incidents, and finally, develop a set of policy recommendations that deal with the emerging threat. The book argues that restraint is the norm in cyberspace and suggests that there is evidence this norm can influence how the tactic is used in the future.
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An analysis of cyber incidents and disputes from 2001 through 2014 shows that countries do not often use cyber attacks, and when they do, they use them in low-intensity ways that are unlikely to cause escalation.
“An analysis of cyber incidents and disputes from 2001 through 2014 shows that countries do not often use cyber attacks, and when they do, they use them in low-intensity ways that are unlikely to cause escalation (Valeriano & Maness 2015).”
From Do Emerging Military Technologies Matter for International Politics? (2020) · cites this paper as Valeriano & Maness 2015
Valeriano and Maness demonstrate that state cyber operations increasingly target human rather than purely technical vulnerabilities.
“Valeriano and Maness demonstrate that state cyber operations increasingly target human rather than purely technical vulnerabilities [50].”
From Geopolitical competition, online radicalisation, and organisational culture as vectors of the evolving insider threat (2026) · cites this paper as [50]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The hidden threat of cyber-attacks – undermining public confidence in government
Shandler, R., & Gomez, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2022.2112796 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
What’s in a Name? Metaphors and Cybersecurity
Branch, J. (2021) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s002081832000051x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Do Emerging Military Technologies Matter for International Politics?
Horowitz, M. C. (2020) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032725 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cyberattacks, Cyber Threats, and Attitudes Toward Cybersecurity Policies
Snider, K. L. G., Shandler, R., Zandani, S., & Canetti, D. (2021) · Journal of Cybersecurity · doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyab019 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Public Opinion and Cyberterrorism
Shandler, R., Kostyuk, N., & Oppenheimer, H. (2023) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfad006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wood, P. (2026) · Discover Global Society · doi:10.1007/s44282-026-00510-7
- Authors
- Valeriano, B., & Maness, R. C.
- Venue
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2015-06-01
- OpenAlex
- W2602213083
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 14.02
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies
- Keywords
- cyber conflict, cyber warfare, cyber incidents, foreign policy, international relations, cyber policy
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